第四单元
Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▇ Working with Words and Expressions
1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers: 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10) coordination 11) declarations 12) committed 13) necessity 14) moderately 15) slightest
16) considerable 17) evaluate 18) derived
2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:
1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) consist /consists of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense 6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth into
▆ Increasing Your Word Power 1 Word Building
Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese. ▆ Answers: nouns suffixes adjectives Chinese meaning planet planetary 行星的 1 / 5
congratulation contradiction custom document explanation imagination introduction legend migration vision
1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4) documentary 5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatory
-ary / -ory congratulatory 祝贺的 contradictory 矛盾的，对立的 customary 通常的，习惯的；惯例的 documentary 公文的，文件的 explanatory 解释的；说明的 imaginary 想象中的，虚构的 introductory 介绍的，导言的 legendary 传说（中）的，传奇的 migratory 迁徙的，移居的 visionary 有远见的；不实际的
2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box. ▆ Answers for reference: 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7) career 8) position
3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”. ▇ Answers:
1) ( of ) Natural disasters are inevitable and they are independent on man’s will.
2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for the black people.
3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music. 4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village in
accordance to his wishes. 5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundation stone of the new museum.
6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though I always pretend otherwise.
2 / 5
7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of two witnesses—his younger sister and one of his favourite students.
8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joined
the army and his grandma was frightened for his safety all the time.
9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and my
boss was very appreciative for my efforts. 10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficult
of access for wheel-chair users.
11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he got to know that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the US government.
12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called “popular” writers, whom he describes as talentless and worthless.
Grammar in Context
1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences. ▇ Answers for reference:
1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you. 2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York. 3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all. 4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.
5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.
2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase. ▇ Answers for reference:
1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.
2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers. 3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?
4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help. 5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. ▇ Answers: (1) enjoy (2) physical (3) compelled (4) necessity (5) support (6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values (10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunate
3 / 5
Translation
1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.
▇ Answers for reference:
1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company. 2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.
3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan. 4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships. 5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.
6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.
7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.
8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.
9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.
10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.
2 Translate the following passage into English. ▇ Answers for reference:
Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.
To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.
In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.
THEME-RELATED WRITING
Write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points: 1) the kind of job you prefer to do
2) factors you consider when choosing the job 3) conclusion ▆ Sample Essay:
My Career Choice
When it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.
4 / 5
I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.
I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.
(198 words)
5 / 5
新世纪大学英语综合教程4-第二版U4
