2014年职称英语理工A真题及答案
第1部分 词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.
A. modest B. commercial C. huge D. national
2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. A. amazing B. depressing C. predictable D. dull
3.A person’s wealthis often in inverse proportion to their happiness. A. equal B. certain C.large D. opposite 4. His professional career spanned 16 years. A. started B. changed C. lasted D. moved
5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. A. eased B. improved C.relieved D. appeared 6. The group does not advocate the use of violence. A. limit B. support C.regulate D. oppose
7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day. A. act B. homework C. justice D. model
8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. A. motionless B. silent C. seated D. true
9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject. A. point B. result C.finding D. tendency 10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere B. respectful C. empty D. terrible
11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. A. copy B. publish C.summarize D. furnish 12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd. A. serious B. beautiful C. impressive D. ridiculous 13. The department deferred the decision for six months. A. put off B. arrived at C. abided by D. protested against 14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated . A. invented B. reproduced C. designed D. reported 15. The country was torn apart by strife.
A. conflict B. poverty C. war D. economy 第2部分阅读判断
下面的短文列出了7个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Experience the World in 3D Game
Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees theworld? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game thatrecreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence. The online simulation, created by the French3D design company Dassault Systèmes, with the
guidanceof veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)DidierSchmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals – cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees – as aplayer steers them through Place Vend洀攀 in Paris.
Due to differences in field of view, colourperception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically differentfrom species to species. \terms of performance, eyes are as variable asdifferent models of cars,\
The game was created by using existingvirtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions ofeach animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified byadding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.
Although it was easy to recreate visioninferior to that of humans – cats and dogs, forexample, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have moredetailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and havea wider field of view. %used virtual cameras to precisely simulatelarger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的),\says Schmidt-Morand. \we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking toreality.\
The rat's view also departs from reality:because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. \ratwould never throw itself into the middle of an open area,\says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map inthe top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of theirlimited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.
The game is intended as an educationalresource and players can discuss their experience with others through communityfeatures on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the teamhopes to recreate the vision of more animals.
16. The game developed by Dassault Systemesis the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17.Dassault’s3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of visioninto account .
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18.The animals’viewsin the software are the same as those in reality . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Dogs have larger viewing angles thanhumans . A. Right B. Wrong C. Notmentioned
20.It takes the team the longest time torecreate the rat’s view because they’re near-sighted . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21.The team is working on recreating thevision of more animals . A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22.Schmidt-Morand’sfavorite animal is cat .
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 第3部分概括大意与完成句子
Climate Change: The Long Reach
1 Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. There's more carbon in the air and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the enviro
nment to better gauge(评估) Earth's future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.
2 People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide，a colorless gas. In the air，this gas traps heat at Earth's surface. And the more carbon dioxide released，the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesn't slow，the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years—and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
3 Most climate-change studies look at what's going to happen in the next century or so. During that time，changes in the planet's environment could nudge(推动)global warming even higher. For example：Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt，sunlight can now reach—and warm—the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more，causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a fast feedback.
4 Zeebe says it's important to look at fast feedbacks. However he adds，they're limited. From a climate change perspective，―This century is the most important time for the next few generations，‖he told Science Nwes. ―But the world is not ending in 2100.‖For his new study，Zeebe now focuses on―slow feedbacks.‖While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries， slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and migration of plant life—as they relocate to more comfortable areas—are two examples of slow feedbacks.
5 Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate. Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius(8.1 degree Fahrenheit)change by the year 3000.But slow feedbacks added another1.5℃—for a 6°total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that slow feedbacks events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23. Paragraph 2 _________ 24. Paragraph 3 _____ _____ 25. Paragraph 4 _____ _____ 26. Paragraph 5 ____ _____ A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels C. Fast feedbacks D. Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback processes F.A prediction of future climate change
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fastin ___ _______.
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlightto reach ____ _______.
29. Zeebe came up with his future climateprediction by analyzing ____ ______. 30.After fossil fuels are used up, globalwarming will continue for _________. A. the exposed ground B. a very long time C. the extra heat D. recorded history
E. previously published studies F. rapid exaggeration of impacts 第4部分，阅读理解
第一篇 The Northern Lights
The sun is stormy and has it own kind ofweather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’sgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Suntoward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth, but don’t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpoles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnect. The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.
Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. Asthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the NorthernLights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-northplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime. We know you will never forget it! 31. The solar wind comes into being as aresult of______ A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity. B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.
C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun. D. a stream of particles being blown away.
32. What happens when solar wind comes to theEarth? A. A protective magnetic field is formed atthe same time. B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around theEarth.
C. It destroys the protective magnetic fieldsurrounding the Earth. D. It breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ??? 33. The Northern Lights are createdwhen______
A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collidewith atmospheric gases. B. the magnetic field lines fail toreconnect.
C. the electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colors.
D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases. 34. Which of the following statements is trueof the Northern Lights? A. Their movement is slow enough to be observedwith the eyes. B. People cannot see them unless traveling toAlaska or Canada C. They are very close to the ground. D. They are very long and thick.
35. What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights? A. Indifferent B. Sarcastic C. Sharp
D. Appreciative
第二篇Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance
Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen – and then moveit directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance. A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mountedeye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – aphoto, say – and then pressing a key, selects thatobject. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
\want to acquire,\Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.
Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photos.
A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the \点石成金) effect, whereby everything you lookat gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. \
Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. \灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism,\he says. \now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmanner.\
While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glassheadset is
2014年职称英语理工A真题及答案
