专题10 连词易错点解题方法
一.连词的定义
在词和词,短语和短语,句子和句子,从句和从句之间起联接作用的词叫做连词。 连词是虚词,在句子中一般不重读,在句子中不能单独作句子成分。 二.连词的分类
从连词在句子中所起作用的角度来看,连词分为两大类:
并列连词和从属连词。实际中用法各异。下面通过真题看如何做这类题。 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. I’m sorry, _____ I won’t be able to come tonight. A. for B. and C. but 【答案】: C.
【解析】:容易误选A,因为空格后的句子是用以说明 I’m sorry 的原因的,所以便想当然地认为要选for来表示原因。
【分析】事实上,I’m sorry 后习惯上不接表示原因的连词 for,而接表示转折的连词 but(也可省略 but),用以委婉地提出一个使对方不快的事实。最佳答案为C. 又如:
Oh, sorry, but she’s out. 哦,不好意思,她出去了。 I’m sorry, but I have to disagree. 对不起,我不敢苟同。
I’m sorry, but I have already had another appointment. 对不起,我已经有约会了。 注:I’m sorry 后虽然不能接表原因的连词for,但却可接介词 for。如: I’m sorry for shouting at you. 对不起冲你嚷嚷了。
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。 2. The point is not who said the words, _____ they are true or not. A. but whether C. but how 【答案】:A.
【解析】几个干扰项均有可能误选。最佳答案为A。此题涉及两个搭配:一是 not … but …(不是……而是……),二是 whether … or not (是否)。
3. Just because they make more money than I do, _____ they seem to look down on me. A. So B. and C. but
D. 不填 B. and whether D. and how D. then
【答案】D.
【解析】但容易误选A,将汉语的“因为……所以……”直译为 because … so …。此题正确答案为D,但是按英语语法,because 为从属连词,用以引导原因状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而 so 在表示“所以”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 because,又用了并列连词 so,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉 because 和 so 中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。
4. Although he had only entered the contest for fun, _____ he won first prize. A. But B. and C. even 【答案】D.
【解析】容易误选A,将汉语的“虽然……但是……”直译为 although … but …。正确答案选D。按英语语法,although 为从属连词,用以引导让步状语从句,它表明整个句子为复合句;而 but 在表示“但是”时,它是并列连词,用以连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。由于在同一句中既用了从属连词 although,又用了并列连词 but ,使得该句一半像复合句,一半像并列句,从而导致错误。正确的做法是,任意去掉 although 和 but 中的一个,使之要么成为复合句,要么成为并列句。
其实,此题与上面一题的分析思路是一样的。这里顺便说一句,许多同学(包括许多老师和教学参考书)为了便于记忆,将此题与上面一题的知识点简单地归纳为“按英语习惯,because和so不可连用,although 与 but 不可连用”。这种说法在通常情况下无疑是对的,也是有效的,但同学们一定要在明白以上道理的情况下来使用此规则,如果只是死记该规则,有时遇到一些语言特例仍然会出错。如:
But I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 但我当时的确不知道此事,尽管后来我还是知道了。 此句既用了并列连词 but,又用了从属连词 although,但它并未造成错误,原因是此句与上面所讨论的情形有所不同,即此句 but 用于 although 之前,but 在此仅起到与上文转折的作用,but 后的 I didn’t know that then, although I learned it later. 仍为一个复合句。
I tried doing the accounts, but although I knew some maths I found it very difficult. 我试着算这些账,但尽管我懂点数学,仍感到很困难。
此句将 but 与 although 用在一起,但此句也没有错误。该句从总体来看,它是一个以并列连词 but 连接的并列句,而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句 although I knew some maths 的复合句——这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句。此句也可改写为 I tried doing the accounts, but I found it very difficult although I knew some maths.
5. When the last prize had been awarded _____ everybody cleared off.
D. 不填
A. and B. so C. or 【答案】D.
【解析】容易想当然地误选A。
D. 不填
【分析】句首 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句,它暗示整个句子为复合句;
而so, and, or 为并列连词,无论选哪一个,都表明整个句子为并列句,从而导致前后矛盾,所以A、B、C均不能选择。此题正确答案选D,everybody cleared off 为整个复合句的主句。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “Shall we stop for lunch _____ shall we drive on?” “Let’s stop for lunch, but the driver can’t drink _____ drive.” A. and, and C. and, or 【答案】D.
【解析】选D,第一空填 or,表选择;第二空填 and,can’t drink and drive 指不能同时既喝酒又开车,即不能酒后开车。
2. “_____ when does the pub stay open?” “About midnight.” A. Since C. Until 【答案】: C.
【解析】选C,句意为“这家酒店开门到什么?(或这家酒店什么时候关门?)” 3. “Would you like tea _____ coffee?” “_____, thanks.” A. or, No C. or, Neither 【答案】: C.
【解析】选C,选项A用No来回答选择疑问句,不妥;选项B用 and 连接 tea 与 coffee,说明问句并非提供选择,而答语却用了 either 这样表选择性的词语,也不妥;选项D与语境不符。
4. He imagines that people don’t like him, _____ they do. A. and C. so 【答案】D.
【解析】选D,前后意思转折,故选 but。注:but they do = but they like him。
B. then D. but B. and, Either D. and, Each B. Before D. After B. or, or D. or, and
5. I firmly believe _____ he said at the meeting was right. A. that C. that what 【答案】: C.
【解析】选C,that 为引导宾语从句的连词,在 that what he said at the meeting was right 这一宾语从句中,又包含有what he said at the meeting 这一主语从句,而在该主语从句中,what用作动词 said 的宾语。
6. Will you deliver, _____ do I have to come to the shop to collect the goods? A. and C. so 【答案】B.
【解析】 选B,or 表选择。
7. It shocked me to see ______ my neighbors treated their children. A. why C. how 【答案】: C.
【解析】选C。how 修饰谓语动词 treated。
8. _____ the government agrees to give extra money , the theatre will have to close. A. Until C. Since 【答案】B.
【解析】选B,从句意推知。
9. We were just about ready to leave _____ it started to snow. A. when C. after 【答案】A.
【解析】选A,when 在此用作并列连词,意为“这时(突然)”。
10. —I don’t like chicken _______ fish.
—I don’t like chicken, _______ I like fish very much. A. and, and
B. and, but B. before D. since B. Unless D. While B. whether D. since B. or D. then B. which D. what that
C. or, but 【答案】: C.
D. or, and
【解析】选C。第一空填 or,在否定词后用or,表示否定两者;第二空填but,表示转折。