? 新目标九年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结 ? 银丰中学 成你的建议。 (4)agree on sth. 在??方面达成一致。如:We agree on a price for the car.我们就车价达成一致意见。 (5)agree that+从句。如:Tom’s mother agree that he went on with his study. 5.You have probably never heard of Amy Winterbourne.你大概从未听说过Amy Winterbourne. 疑点:hear of/about听说,接名词、代词或动名词。如:I have never heard of the story before. 难点:1)hear表示听说时,后面接宾语从句。 如:I heard that his father died yesterday. 2)hear from=get/receive a letter from意为“收到?的信”,“得到?的消息”from后面加表示人的名词或代词 如:How often do you hear from your father?你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信? 6. The walls are made from old glass bottles that are glued together.墙是由胶合在一起的旧玻璃瓶做成的。 疑点:be made from 意思是“由? 制成”,但制成品不能看出原材料。 如:Paper is made from wood.纸是由木头制成的。 难点:be made还可以构成其他词组,注意区分。 (1)be made of意为“由?原材料制成”,主语为制成品,而且能看出原材料,of后面接表示原材料的名词。如:This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉花做的。 (2)be made in表示某一产品在某地生产或制造,in后面跟表示地点的名词。 如:Trains are made in Zhuzhou.火车是株洲制造的。 (3)be made by意为“由(谁)制造的”,by后面接动作的执行者。如:The desk was made by his brother.这张桌子是他弟弟做的。 二、重点讲解 1. Have you packed yet?你打包了吗? (1)这是一个现在完成时的句型,它是在两个时间上,一是过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响或结果,而这种影响和结果是说话人的兴趣所在,所以常常后面不用时间状语。Have/has+动词的过去分词,是它的基本结构。 如:Someone has broken the door.有人把门打破了。(结果,门仍破着) (2)pack包装,把??装箱pack sth(up)into?整理行装 如:Pack clothes into a truck.把衣服装进衣箱内。 pack into塞进,挤进。如:The children packed into the cinemas on a wet day.在雨天,孩子们挤进电影院。 2. I have not cleaned out the refrigerator yet.我还没把冰箱清除干净。 clean sth out打扫某物之内部,扫除某物的尘土等。如:It is time for you to clean your bedroom.现在该你打扫你的卧室的时候了。 clean sth up清除罪犯和不道德分子,整顿(某物)。 如:The mayor has decided to clean up the city.市长已决定要整顿市政。 clean sth down清扫,擦干净。如:Clean down the walls.把墙上的尘土扫下。 3. I have not done any of these things yet Because my grandfather came to chat to me.那些事情我一样也还没做,因为我祖父来和我聊天。 (1)because连词,因为。如:I did it because they asked me to do it.我做这事是因为他们要我做。 (2)because所表达的原因是不知道的,如要表达明显的理由,或被认为是知道的,就用as,for,或so。如:As it is raining,you had better take a taxi.=It is raining,so you had better take a taxi.既然下雨,你最好坐出租车来。 (3)because of 后面加名词或名词短语。 如:Because of his bad legs,he could not walk so fast as the others.因为他的腿有毛病,他不能和别人一样走得快。 4.Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you-if you can get tickets.如果他们到了一个离你近的城市,务必不要错过,如果你能得到票的话。 be sure to do务必,一定要。如:Be sure to tell me when you arrive home.到家后务必要告诉我一声。 ★注意动词不定式to do的否定形式,要直接在to do前加not。如:Be sure not to wake up the sleeping boy.一定不要吵醒在睡觉的孩子。 5. I feel like I have done something that wasn’t important to me before.我想我做了些原先对我并不重要的一些事情。 feel like+ doing sth.想要,欲要。如:I don’t feel like eating a big meal now.第 36 页 共 44 页
? 新目标九年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结 ? 银丰中学 我现在不想吃大餐。 6. They provide homes for many endangered animals,and help to educate the public about caring for them.我们为濒危动物们提供住所,并教育公众照顾他们。 provide sth for sb /provide sb with sth把某物提供给某人。如:These letters should provide us with all the information we need.这些信应该为我们提供所需的全部信息。 三、语法展示 (一)特殊副词的用法 现在完成时态我们在前面的一、二个单元中已讲述过,所以本单元只讲现在完成时态与几个副词的关系。 1. ever, never ever“曾经”,表示从过去到目前为止的时间,用于现在完成时态的疑问和含有最高级的从句中,否定句中常用never代替ever,在反意疑问句中,附加问句用肯定。 如:(1)Have you ever been to Hefei?你曾去过合肥吗? (2)This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的电影中最有趣的一部。 (3)He has never been to the Great Wall,has he?他从未去过长城,是吗? 2. still,just still“仍然,还”,强调过去开始的情况或动作仍在继续,指时间,强调延续;just“刚刚,刚才”,多与现在完成时连用。注意要与just now区别开,just now指过去的时间,常与过去时连用。 如:(1)Has your sister still lived here?你妹妹仍然住在这儿吗? (2)I have just finished lunch.我刚吃过中饭。 (3)I saw her mother just now.我刚才看见了她母亲。 3. before,ago 两者都可作副词用,before表示过去时间的以前,可独立使用,泛指“以前”,可用于现在完成时态或一般过去时态。ago不能独立使用,要置于时间段的词组之后,只能用于过去时态,表示从现在算起以前的时间。但可以用在情态动词加完成时态结构中,表示现在对过去发生的事情的推测。此外与since连用,构成since?ago用于现在完成时态。 如:(1)She has seen the film before. 她以前看过这部电影。 (2)Mary saw Jim a week ago.玛丽一周前见过吉姆。 (3)A lot of new things have happened since ten years ago.自十年前以来发生了很多新鲜事。 4. since,for since:“自从”,表示的是一个时间点,可用作介词,也可作连词。用作介词时,后接指时间点的名词或短语;用作连词时,后跟一个时间状语从句,但其前的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词须用现在完成时。for构成的短语在现在完成时里,表示时间的长度,后须跟“一段时间”,不可跟“时间点”。 如:(1)He has worked at that factory since he came to the city.他到这城市以来一直在这家工厂工作。 (2)I have studied English for three years. 我学习英语已有三年了。 (二)have been to 与have gone to 的区别 (1)have been to表示“已经去过某地”,现在已经不在所去的地方了 如:He has been to America twice.他已经去过美国两次了。 (2)have gone to表示“去了某地”,并未回来,最起码不在当地。 He is not here. He has gone to America.他不在这里,他去美国了。 Unit 13---Unit15单元重难点句子讲解 1. I’d rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant... 我宁愿去Blue Lagoon餐厅,?? would rather意为“宁愿??”,表示句子主语的愿望、选择,后接省去to的不定式。 He’d rather join you in the English Group. 他宁愿加入到你的英语小组中来。 Which would you rather have, bread or rice? 面包和米饭,你更喜欢哪一个? 如果表示“宁愿(可)??也不愿??”则用句型would rather...than...。在would rather和than后面所连接的两个对比部分一般要一致。 The brave soldier would rather die than give in.那个勇敢的士兵宁死不屈。 He’d rather work than play. 他宁愿工作也不愿玩。 They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread. 他们宁愿饿死也不愿接受他的面包。 第 37 页 共 44 页
? 新目标九年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结 ? 银丰中学 2. Loud music makes me happy. (P103)嘈杂的音乐使我很开心。 Loud music always makes me want to dance. (P103)嘈杂的音乐总是使我想去跳舞。 这两句是动词make的使役用法,make me后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构: ◎ make+名词(代词)+省略to的动词不定式 My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。 特别提示 这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语,必须省去to,变为被动结构时,不定式短语作主语补足语,这时必须带to。 She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。 ◎make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语 What made them so frightened?什么使他们这样害怕? Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗? ◎make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语 She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。 Sit down and make yourselves at home, everyone.大家请坐,不要拘束。 ◎make+名词(代词)+形容词或形容词短语。 The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。 3. ... small restaurants can serve many people every day. (P104)??小饭店每天就可以多接待些顾客。 句中的serve 有“服侍,侍候,招待”等意思,常用于以下结构中: ◎ serve+宾语 They were busy serving the day’s last buyers.他们正忙着接待这天的最后一批顾客。 Nobody can serve two masters. 一人不能侍奉二主。 ◎ serve sb sth, 或serve sth to sb Mrs Turner served us a very good dinner. =Mrs Turner served a very good dinner to us. 特纳太太招待我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。 ◎ serve sb with sth We served them with beer and wine. 我们用啤酒和红酒招待他们。 4. However, some advertising can be confusing or misleading. (P106)可是,一些广告可能会混淆黑白或误导消费。 confusing与misleading是两个现在分词,相当于形容词,意思分别是“感到混消的”和“误导的”,在句中作表语,主语通常是表示物的名词或代词,如本句中的用法;也可以用作定语,既可修饰表示人的名词或代词,也可以修饰表示物的名词或代词。 They can be some confusing or misleading advertisements. 它们可能是一些混淆黑白或误导消费的广告。 What he said made us confusing.他说的话令我们感到困惑。 5. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you don’t need at all.(P106) 有时,一则广告会诱导你去买你根本就不需要的东西。 at times意为“有时,不时”,与sometimes同义。两者在句中的位置较灵活,可位于句首,句中或句末。 At times I make mistakes when I speak English. 我说英语时有时会出错。 They went to town at times during the cold winter.在寒冷的冬天,他们有时候进城去。 Sometimes they walk to school. 有时候,他们步行上学。 He sometimes plays football with his friends. 他有时和朋友一起踢足球。 6. To start with, it was raining, and rainy days make me sad. (P107)起初,天在下雨,雨天使我心情很不好。 ◎ start with作“首先”解时,只用于动词不定式,在句中常常以插入语的形式出现。 To start with, the computer room must be kept very clean. 首先,计算机工作室必须保持清洁。 Our group had five members, to start with.刚开始,我们小组只有五个人。 ◎ start with可表示“从??开始”;“先从某事做起”,与begin...with是同义词组。反义词组是end with“以??结束”。 He started/began with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself.第 38 页 共 44 页
? 新目标九年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结 ? 银丰中学 他本想损害别人,结果只害了自己。 The meeting ended with a speech given by the chairman.会议以主席的讲话结束。 He wanted to start/begin with the smallest country and end with the largest one. 他打算先去最小的国家,最后去最大的国家。 ◎ start单独使用时,意为“开始”,可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,其后跟名词、代词,也可跟动词不定式或动名词形式。begin是start的同义词,两者在用法上没有很大差别,只是start侧重动作的突然开始。 As soon as we got there, it started raining.我们一到那儿就下雨了。 When did we start/begin this lesson?我们是什么时候开始讲这一课的? 7. ...some people would rather just give money.(P108)??有些宁愿只给钱。 句中的would rather是would rather...than...的省略形式,意为“宁愿??而不??”,表示主观愿望。使用这一结构,要注意两个比较的部分对等。 You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party. 你宁愿待在家里看一本好书也不愿去参加舞会。 I would rather have the small one than the big one.我宁愿要小的,不要大的。 特别提示: 比较的部分如果是动词,than后应是动词原形。 8. I prefer to receive a gift... (P108)我宁愿接受一件??礼物。 prefer表示选择时,可用两种句型。 (1)prefer+名词或动名词+to+名词或动名词。 They prefer red to blue.与蓝色相比,他们更喜欢红色。 I preferred doing something to doing nothing.我喜欢做点什么,而不喜欢闲着。 (2)prefer+不定式或名词+rather than+不带to的动词不定式。 He preferred to walk there rather than go by bus. 他喜欢走着去那儿,不喜欢乘公共汽车。 She prefers to read rather than sit idle.她喜欢读书而不愿闲坐着。 Unit 14 1. Sorry I couldn’t get back to you sooner. (P112)很抱歉我没能尽快给你回复。 这是在E-mail message回复中的常用语,句中“get back to sb”的意思是“以后再答复”。 I can’t give you a definite answer now but I’ll get back to you about it soon. 我现在不能给你一个明确的回答,但我很快会给你答复的。 2. In the past twelve months, they’ve had three major concerts and made a hit CD. 在过去的十二个月里,他们举办了三场较大的音乐会,出版了一张很受欢迎的CD唱片。 (1)“in the past+时间段”常用于完成时的句子中,表示“在过去的??时间里”,past是形容词,可以用last来替换,而past/last的后面通常要使用“数字+名词”的结构。 In the past/last two years, she has studied English very hard. 在过去的两年里,她一直在努力地学英语。 (2)短语make a hit表示“大获成功”、“(演出等)大受欢迎;受到赞扬”等,hit是名词,表示成功而风行一时的事物,如电影,歌曲,演出等。 Zhou Jielun has just made a hit CD. 周杰伦刚出版了一盘轰动一时的CD。 His song was a great hit. 他的歌曲轰动一时。 He made a great hit in teaching. 他曾在教学上获得了巨大的成功。 3. And then they’re going to go on a world tour in which they will perform in ten different cities. (P114)然后,他们将去世界各地旅行并在十个城市巡回演出。 ...in which they will perform in ten different cities是定语从句,先行词是tour,在关系代词which前介词in通常的位置是在动词perform的后面。本句为了避免与in two different cities短语中的in重复,将perform后的第一个in前置。句中perform 主要指扮演角色,演奏某种乐器,演出某一节目,侧重能力,技巧,效果,可用 作及物动词和不及物动词。 The magician performed wonderful tricks. 魔术师表演了精彩的魔术。 He performs perfectly on the piano. 他的钢琴演奏太棒了。 4. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you — if you can get tickets, that is. (P114)如果他们来到你附近的城市,千万不要错过——当然,如果你能弄到票的话。 (1)句中的that is表示“确切地;换句话说;也就是”,用来表达一个准确的说法,即对前面的内容加以准确地说明。 第 39 页 共 44 页
? 新目标九年级英语单元知识点、短语及句型总结 ? 银丰中学 She’s a housewife — when she’s not teaching English, that is. 她是个家庭主妇——是指她不教英语的时候。 (2)句中miss是“错过”,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式,不可接不定式。 They missed the train by two minutes.他们差两分钟没赶上火车。 I came late and missed seeing the beginning of the movie. 我来晚了,没有看见电影的开始部分。 miss还可表示“丢失”、“失去”,与lose同义。 5. ...but we really hope to have a number one hit some day. (P114)??但是我们真的希望有朝一日我们制作出能卖得最好的一首歌。 some day意为“将来某一日”,等于someday,与one day是近义词。some day/someday只表示将来,不表示过去。而one day用在过去时的句子里是“有一天”的意思,用在将来时的句子里是“将有一天”,与some day/someday可互换。 He will be a scientist some day.总有一天他会成为科学家。 I hope to see you one day/someday.我希望有一天会看到你。 One day last summer they made a trip to the country. 去年夏天某日他们到乡间旅行。 试译:你一定要有一天来看我。 You must come one day to see me. You must come some day to see me. You must come to see me someday. 他有一天来看了我。 误:He came some day to see me. 正:He came one day to see me. 6. ...as a part of the “In Search of Roots” summer camp program. (P116)??作为“寻根”夏令营活动的一部分。 in search for是固定短语,for 后面的名词同样必须是“寻找的目标”,不是“搜寻的对象”。search前常出现a 或one’s等词对search加以限定或修饰,这个短语也常作目的状语。 The soldiers were sent in a search for the missing aircraft. 士兵们被派去搜寻失踪的飞机。 So far, they have been unlucky in their search for gold and have no money at all. 到现在为止,他们寻找金子的运气一直不好,而且他们身上也没钱了。 知识拓展 search的基本用法 (1)search的动词用法。 ◎ search不与介词或副词搭配时是及物动词,表示“搜查”的意思,其后通常接处所或人物名词,表示搜查的对象。 He even searched my home without any reason. 他甚至毫无理由地搜查了我的家。 I’ve searched my memory, but can’t remember that man’s name. 我苦思良久,仍然记不起那人的名字。 They searched every part of the building. 他们对全楼进行了搜查。 ◎ search用不及物动词,后面接介词for 和after,构成及物性动词短语,两者是“搜寻,寻找”的意思,表示花费极大的气力去搜寻某个特定的目标,常含有对立或不对立的意味,两者可以通用,只不过search for 更常见些。 For a whole day they searched for/after the lost child. 他们找了一天这个丢失的孩子。 7. ...and so far has brought thousands of overseas Chinese students... (P116) ??到目前为止,它带来了成千上万的海外华裔学生?? so far 意思是“到目前为止”,常用于完成时,表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在,强调到目前为止的情况,可位于句首,也可位于句末。 So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon. 到现在为止,还没有人到过比月球更远的地方。 How many travelers have been to Disneyland so far? 到现在为止有多少旅客到过迪斯尼乐园? So far we haven’t got any news from them. 到目前为止,我们还没有得到他们的任何消息。 8. Most, like Robert, can hardly speak any Chinese, and have never been to China before. (P116) 像罗伯特一样,大多数人几乎都不会说中文,而且以前从来第 40 页 共 44 页