2015年职称英语考试理工类A级试题（代码：12）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5. They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum
7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct
8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. Service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move
10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build. A. fair B. full C .coexisting D. public
11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. A. policy B. value C .equality D. integration 12. A salesman?s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal
13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation A. silence B. praise C .assure D. complain 14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. Continuous 15. The starving children were a pathetic sight. A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientists have long speculated as to why animal species didn?t flourish sooner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earth?s surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago — but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?
Well, it seems the air wasn?t so great then, after all.
In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that
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oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth?s atmosphere couldn?t have supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancements were poised to occur.
“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christopher Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We?re providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”
The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earth?s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen?s role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today?s conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.
In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.
“If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”
“There?s a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our results are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.
16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The team was funded by several research institutes. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The study revealed that chromium found in Earth?s continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
First Image-recognition Software
1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.
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2. The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素) data in images and potentially video — rather than just text — to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions (图片说明), making for more accurate document search results.
3. \the last 30 years,\says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, \Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.\
4. The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed — that extracts semantic (语义的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text. 23. Paragraph 1 __F__ A. Function of the new system 24. Paragraph 2 __A__ B. Improvement in document retrieval 25. Paragraph 3 __D__ C. Publication of the new discovery 26. Paragraph 4 __B__ D. Problems of the existing search engines E. Popularity of the new system F. Artificial intelligence software created
27. The new system does document retrieval by _A___.
28. The new system is expected to improve precision in __D__.
29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore __E__ 30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _C___ A. using photos B. description of the HTML page C. current popular search engines D. document search E. information in images F. machine vision systems 第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu
IF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. However, the government says people should consider
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2015年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及答案(代码：12)
