Period Five Grammar—Linking verbs
感知以下句子，总结规律
1．Both of these medicines have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented. 2．Within a short time，aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief. 3．Another drug that has helped increase the standard of people’s health is penicillin. 4．He noted that a dish in which he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment looked abnormal. 5．Many people have fallen ill because of the cold weather. 6．It turned out that my judgement was right. 7．It seems as if he has lost interest in his new job again. 8．Please keep silent at the meeting unless you’re allowed to talk. 1．以上各句中的黑体词均为系动词。其中句3中的be是最常用的系动词。 2．句4中的黑体词为“感觉感知”类系动词。 3．句8中的黑体词为“状态持续”类系动词。
4．句1、句6和句7中的黑体词为“主观判断”类系动词。 5．句2和句5中的黑体词为“状态变化”类系动词。
一、定义
连接主语和表语的动词，称为系动词。系动词本身有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成复合谓语，表示主语的身份、类别、特征、状态等。 二、系动词的分类 1．“状态持续”类系动词
这类系动词表示主语某种状态的持续。常见的有：remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，lie(处于……状态)等。
I don’t think we can stay friends. 我认为我们不能做朋友了。
She remained silent all night，and we were all worried about her. 她整个晚上都沉默不语，我们都为她担心。 Snow was lying thick on the ground.
厚厚的积雪覆盖着大地。 2．“主观判断”类系动词
这类系动词包括seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎，显得)，prove(证明是)，turn out(结果是，证明是)。
In the eyes of our grandparents，his painting seemed absurd. 在我们的祖父母看来，他的画似乎是荒唐可笑的。
He may appear a fool，but actually he’s quite clever.或许他看起来像个傻子，但实际上他很聪明。
The opponent proved too strong for him. 对手过于强劲，使他难以招架。
[名师点津] (1)seem和appear后可以接to do，to be doing以及to have done的形式，也可用于句型：It seems/appears that...。
He seems to have carried out plenty of experiments.＝ It seems that he has carried out plenty of experiments.他好像已经做了很多实验。
(2)seem后还可以接as if/as though引导的表语从句。根据语境的不同，从句可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
It seems as if he has finished the work. 他好像已经完成了这项工作。 It seems as if it were spring already. 好像已经是春天了。 3．“感觉感知”类系动词
这类系动词是与五种感觉器官相关的动词。常见的有：look(看起来)，feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)等。 What he says sounds reasonable. 他的话听起来有道理。 4．“状态变化”类系动词
这类系动词表示主语从一种状态进入另一种状态。常见的有：become(变得)，turn(变成)，grow(渐渐变得)，go(变得，变成)，fall(变成，进入)，get(变得)等。 Our state is getting stronger and stronger. 我们的国家变得越来越强大了。 The weather has turned cold and windy. 天气变得寒冷多风。
Since she eats a lot every day，she is becoming fatter and fatter. 因为她每天都吃很多，所以她变得越来越胖了。 [名师点津] (1)turn后接名词时，名词前通常不用冠词。
He turned doctor after graduating from a medical college.＝He became a doctor after graduating from a medical college.他从医学院毕业后当了医生。 (2)go常指情况往坏处转变，后多接贬义词。 三、使用系动词时应注意的问题 1．有些系动词与表语已成固定搭配。 keep silent保持安静 go mad发疯 fall asleep入睡 fall ill生病
stand still站着不动 go hungry挨饿 lie awake睡不着
come true变成现实，实现
2．少数系动词feel，get，become，grow等可用于进行时态，表示“渐渐”之意或表示一种感情色彩。
Winter is coming，and it is getting/becoming colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 Are you feeling better now？你现在感觉好点了吗？
3．有些动词既可以作系动词，又可作实义动词。遇到这种情况时，只能先根据其意思判断到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义做出判断。以feel一词为例： I felt it my duty to help others.(feel作实义动词) 我觉得帮助他人是我的职责。
I felt very hungry after a long walk.(feel作系动词) 走了很长的一段路后，我感到很饿。 4．系动词无被动语态，且一般不用于进行时态中。prove及感官类系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
As time went on，his theory proved true. 随着时间的推移，他的理论证明是正确的。
5．系动词后可接过去分词作表语，相当于被动语态。 The suggestion got countered at the conference. 会上这一提议遭到了抵制。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are(be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 2．Fast food is(be) full of fat and salt.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
3．The real reason why prices were(be)，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015·江苏)
4．Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he was(be) going to be a
2020春长沙市一中高二寒假自主学习：Unit 2 Period Five【精品】
