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地方，实现财产收益。为了实现物流战略价值的最大化，必须将各种工作职能整合到一起。在某一职能区域做出的决定势必影响到其它职能区域的成本开支，正是这种职能区域之间的相互关系对实现物流一体化管理提出巨大的挑战，而各职能区域的相互结合才能够实现物流的价值。
Order processing
While many aspects of information are critical to logistics operations, the process of orders is of primary importance. Failure to fully understand this importance resulted from a failure to understand how distortion and dynamics impact logistical operations. The more responsive the system, the greater the importance is of accurate and timely information regarding customer purchase behavior.
许多方面的信息对于物流运作来说都很关键，但订单处理是最重要的。系统越是反应灵敏，准确、及时（传递）有关顾客购买行为的信息就越重要。
Current information technology is capable of handling the most demanding customer requirements. When desired, order information can be obtained on a real time basis.
当前信息技术能够处理顾客最苛刻的要求，一旦（顾客）有需求，订单信息就能够实时被（供给商）获取。
The benefit of fast information flow is directly related to work balancing. Data transmission or Web-based communication of orders direct form the customers’ office combine with slower, less costly surface transportation may have achieved
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even faster overall delivery service at a lower total cost. The key objective is to balance components of the logistical system.
快速信息流的优点直接与各工作之间的平衡性相关，数据传输或者订单传输来源于下游的客户，低成本的地面运输也能以更低的成本完成更快的配送服务，其关键目标在于保持物流系统中各部分的平衡性。
Inventory
The inventory requirements of a firm are directly linked to the family network and the desired level of customer service. Theoretically, a firm could stock every item sold in every facility dedicated to servicing each customer. Few business operations can afford such a luxurious inventory commitment because the risk and total cost are prohibitive. The objective in inventory strategy is to achieve desired customer service with the minimum inventory commitment.
一个公司的库存要求与其设施网络和客户服务等级直接相关。理论上，一个公司可以在每个地点储备所有在售物品以服务客户，但很少有公司能够承担起如此昂贵的库存成本，（原因在于）风险和成本通常高得（让企业）无法承担，库存策略的目标在于以最少的库存实现期望的客户服务。
Logistical strategies should be designed to maintain the lowest possible financial investment in inventory. The basic goal is to achieve maximum inventory turnover while satisfying service commitments. A sound inventory strategy is based on a combination of five aspects of selective deployment: (1) core customer segmentation, (2) product profitability, (3) transportation integration, (4)
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time-based performance, and (5) competitive performance.
合理的物流策略应该维持尽可能低的库存投资，其基本目的是在满足服务承诺的同时，获得最大的库存周转率。一个合理的库存策略是基于以下五个方面的优化组合（1）核心客户划分（2）产品收益（3）运输整合（4）时基性（5）竞争能力
Every enterprise that sells to a variety of different customers confronts uneven opportunity. Because highly profitable customers constitute the core market of every enterprise, inventory strategies need to focus on them. The key to effective logistical segmentation rests in the inventory priorities dedicated to support core customers.
客户群体多样化的企业都会面临着客户条件不均等的问题，高收益的客户构成了企业的核心市场，库存策略更应关注这部分客户，高效的物流分配其关键在于保有特定库存以满足核心客户。
Most enterprises experience a substantial variance in the volume and profitability across product lines. If no restrictions are applied, a firm may find that less than 20 percent of all products marketed account for more than 80 percent of total profit. For obvious reasons, an enterprise wants to offer high availability and consistent delivery of its most profitable products.
大部分企业对于一个产品系列在（生产）数量和盈利上会经历很大的变化，如果没有任何限制，企业很可能会发现比例低于20%的产品创造了超过80%的总收益，一个显而易见的原因是，企业为其收益最大的产品提供了很高的可得性和可靠性配送服务。
A firm is typically more desirable to do business with, than competitors, if it can
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promise and perform rapid and consistent delivery. Therefore, it may be necessary to position inventory in a specific warehouse to gain competitive advantage even if such commitment increases total cost. Selective inventory deployment policies may be essential to gain a customer service advantage or to neutralize a strength that competitor currently enjoys.
一个企业如果能够提供更快更稳定的配送服务，通常会比其竞争对手更有希望（与客户）交易，因此，将库存放置在特定地点，即使以增加总成本为代价也要获得竞争优势就显得很有必要，库存优化配置对于获得竞争优势、使对手竞争优势失效尤其必要。
Transportation
Transportation is the operational area of logistics that geographically moves and positions inventory. Because of its fundamental importance and visible cost, transportation has traditionally received considerable managerial attention. 交通运输是物流系统的运行部分，它包括了地理位置的移动和库存存放，由于它在功能上的重要性和显而易见的成本，因而交通运输受到大量关注。
Transportation requirements can be satisfied in three basic ways. First, a private fleet of equipment may be operated. Second, contracts may be arranged with dedicated transport specialists. Third, an enterprise may engage the services of a wide variety of carriers that provide different transportation services on a per shipment basis. From the logistical system viewpoint, three factors are fundamental to transportation performance: (1) cost, (2) speed, and (3) consistency.
运输需求可从以下三个方面得到满足：（1）配备自有运输车队，（2）与专业运输公司签订
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合同，（3）企业针对每次运输情况雇佣提供相应运输服务的运输商。以物流的观点来看，交通运输的性能主要受三个因素的影响（1）成本（2）速度和（3）一致性。
The cost of transport is the payment for shipment between two geographical locations and the expenses related to maintaining in-transit inventory. Logistical systems should utilize transportation that minimizes total system cost.
运输成本是指在两地之间的运输费用，费用的多少与在途库存相关，物流系统应该使用使总的系统成本最低的运输方式。
Speed of transportation is represented by the time required to complete a specific movement. Speed and cost of transportation are related. Thus, a critical aspect of selecting the most desirable mode of transportation is to balance speed and cost of service.
速度表示完成一次具体运输所需花费的时间。运输速度与运输成本相关联，因此，选择最合理输运方式的关键在于平衡速度和服务的成本。
Consistency of transportation refers to variations in time required to perform a specific movement over a number of shipments. Consistency is the most important attribute of quality transportation. With the advent of new information technology to control and report shipment status, logistics managers have begun to seek faster movement while maintaining consistency.
运输的一致性是指在大量输运过程中，每次运输在时间上的变化情况。一致性对于优质的运输服务来讲是最重要的，物流经理们通常使用最新信息技术对运输状态进行控制和反馈，在保证一致性的同时提高运输速度。
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交通运输与物流专业英语(Unite-7)中英文
