2024-2024学年北京市首师大附中校联考高二（上）期末英语试卷
英 语
2024.1
第一部分 知识运用（共25 分）
第一节 完形填空（共10 小题，每小题1 分，共10 分）
“We didn’t really find a good role model of any country doing things sustainably,” says Daniel O’Neill at the University of Leeds, UK. “We need to do things in a completely different way if we are to have any hope of achieving a good life for all people on the planet.”
O’Neill and his colleagues _____1____ each country's sustainability by adding up how it used, produced or affected seven things. These were water, phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon dioxide emissions, landuse change, ecological footprint and material consumption.
The team also used 11 measures to assess whether citizens had good lives. Some were basic needs or expectations like* nutrition, access to energy and long life expectancy. The others_____2____ social stability, like income, education, equality, social support and employment prospects.
A(n) ideal country would score zero for resource overshoot and 11 for citizen well-being: everyone's needs would be met and no natural resources destroyed.
Rich countries overshoot their limits to feed their lifestyles. 'The USA transgresses ( 超越) all seven planetary boundary indicators, but ... scores relatively ____3_____on the social targets, achieving nine out of 11,”says team member Julia Steinberger at the University of Leeds. The UK did_____4____ breaking five boundaries, but reaching eight social targets. 'They could be described as ‘well-off over-consumers’”, she says.
However, South Africa transgresses the same natural boundaries as the UK, but _____5____only one social target: nutrition. It is a “dysfunctional over-consumer”， says Steinberger, “because its consumption doesn’t seem to result in a better life”.
Some poor countries，like Malawi and Senegal, keep within planetary- boundaries, but reach none of the social targets. A few countries are better at balancing well-being and ____6_____. They include Sri Lanka—
which goes beyond no natural limits—Vietnam and Moldova. _____7____ , none meets all the well-being targets. The _____8____ provides a critical reminder of the tremendous challenge facing humanity，” says Johan Rockstrom of Stockholm University in Sweden
\says Steinberger.
O’Neill’s team says poorer countries should_____9____ basic needs, which can be met without overshooting limits. Citizens of rich countries should rethink what they need. “Life satisfaction” scores improved only marginally for every ecological limit broken, so scaling back on luxuries could have big environmental benefits.
“Some of the strongest determinants of life satisfaction are good health; strong family and community relationships;
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economic security in the form of employment or higher incomes; and relative rather than absolute _____10____ with respect to the rest of one’s society,” says Steinberger. “There’s a lot we can learn about how to move to lower material forms of life satisfaction.” 1. A. kept
B. criticised B. promoted B. lowly B. similarly B. cancels
C. praised C. reflected
D. rated D. changed D. unexpectedly D. otherwise D. achieves D. productivity D. However D. limitation D. monitor D. wealth
2. A. endangered 3. A. highly 4. A. well 5. A. misses
C. disappointingly C. creatively C. sets
6. A. reliability 7. A Initially
B. independence B. Moreover B. analysis B. prioritise B. security
C. sustainability C. Therefore C. balance C. neglect C. health
8. A. description 9. A. discover 10. A. harmony
第二节 语法填空（共10 小题，每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
A
More than 1 billion people aged from 12 to 35 are at the risk of losing their hearing from 11 （listen）to loud music on their audio devices. According to WHO, it’s considered unsafe 12 you hear a sound that is above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes. 13 （normal）, users of personal audio devices choose to set the volume between 75~105. Shelly Chadha of the WHO suggested that all smartphones should be fitted with a measurement system, 14 would tell you how much sound you’re listening to, and when you go over the limit.
B
Urban Forest Pro in Portland is a full-service tree care company providing tree services. Our arborists（树艺师） 15 （train）to recognize the unique needs of your trees, taking into account factors such as the tree’s age, health&prior pruning. Doing tree pruning, we selectively remove certain parts of a tree according to the goals of our customers. Our arborists can in most cases come 16 with a pruning method that is both 17 （benefit）for the tree’s health and longevity and meets the needs of our custmmers.
C
There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food. With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for 18 （decorate）on a weeding cake. Not everybody can do that —it takes years of experience, 19 a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces”of food that are “exactly the same” 20 （free）cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table. 三、阅读理解（共20 小题，每小题2 分，共40 分）
第一节 共15 小题，每小题2 分，共30 分。
A
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Feel the Music
We’ve all heard of smart phones, but how about smart clothing?The CuteCircuit company has stepped up the technology beat and invented the SoundShirt, which was designed specifically for people who are deaf or hard of hearing.How does this incredible shirt work?
First, let’s talk about a little science.People who have either all or some hearing loss don’t actually listen to music the way that hearing people do, but they can feel it.Sound is made up of vibrations, called sound waves, which hearing people can hear through their ears with the help of the brain.What’s really cool is that deaf people sense vibrations in the part of the brain that others use for hearing!
So how is this remarkable technology able to function? First, CuteCircuit had to figure out a way to send signals to the body, kind of like how you can feel when your phone vibrates in silent mode.Those connections the body can feel are called haptics, a use of technology that simulates the senses of touch and motion.The SoundShirt has tiny sensors woven into the shirt to pick up sound and transfer signals to the brain and body.
To test this music-to-shirt-to-wearer’s brain connection, CuteCircuit set microphones around the stage of a symphony orchestra.The shirt’s computer system digitally received the sounds coming from the instruments.Then the sensors, working like little motors, changed the signals into vibrations and the shirt wearer’s brain did the rest.
The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music in a unique way.The very deep musical sound, or pitch, of instruments like drums and basses vibrates in the lower part of the shirt.Higher pitched sounds from instruments like the flute or violin vibrate higher, around the neck and arms.As the music plays, the sensations combine while the brain gets to work putting together all the different vibrations, allowing the wearer to “hear” the concert.
You might think this innovation( 创新)would look like something out of a science fiction movie, but in fact, these shirts are wireless! And the decorative laser-lined design on the shirt looks like an image of sound waves.
Technology’s purpose is to help people and make life better.Think of all the amazing things designers, engineers, and producers of wearable tech will be able to do for humankind.
21. What can be inferred about the SoundShirt described in the passage?
A. The SoundShirt works when the wearer is listening to a symphony orchestra. B. CuteCircuit is giving away its SoundShirts to those deaf or hard of hearing. C. The SoundShirt doesn’t work without the power of the human brain. D. Before the SoundShirt, deaf people had no way of feeling sound. 22. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Deep musical sounds from drums vibrate in the lower part of the SoundShirt. B. The SoundShirt lets people who are deaf or hard of hearing enjoy music. C. Wearable technology like the SoundShirt is the wave of the future. D. CuteCircut tested the SoundShirt with a symphony orchestra. 23. The author probably wrote this passage to ___________.
A. advise that companies should focus on applying wearable technology B. advocate that technology can be used to create products that help others
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2024-2024学年北京市首师大附中校联考高二(上)期末英语试卷
