中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析
【命题趋势】 被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一,考察内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动,考察题型主要是选择题,词汇应用和翻译句子等,预计2019年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动,动词填空,完成句子等为主考点。
【概念讲解】
语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,汉语往往用‘被’,‘受’,‘给’等词来表示被动意义,英语里的被字句就叫被动。
被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Eg: He wrote the letter. (主动语态)
The letter was written by him. (被动语态)
被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式,be后面的过去分词不变,也就是说被动结构中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化
【主动语态变被动的方法】
1. 把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语
2. 把主动语态里的谓语动词加be作为被动里的谓语
3. 把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。(①by短语可省略,②
1
by后的代词用宾格)
【主动变被动解题步骤】 1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数 3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的形式 ----即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+(原主语/代词则用宾格). Eg: They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes are made by them 主变宾,宾变主, 谓动be done 时不变,人称、数、格随着变
小试牛刀:
(2018宁夏模拟)teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ____to
drive a car.
A are allowed B is allowed C will be allowed D allow 【被动的几种句式】
肯定句:主+be + 过去分词+(by ~)
否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~) 一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)?
特殊疑问句:疑问词(5W1H)+be+主语+过去分词+ (by ~) ? 小试牛刀:
(2018宁夏预测卷)English is widely used around the world.(试变成以上几种句式)
2
【考点归纳:】
1、五种常考基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成
时)和带情态动词的被动语态用法。
①一般现在时:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself.
Football is played all over the world
②一般过去时:was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
Eg:The house was built in 1988
His leg was broken in the car accident ③.一般将来时:will/shall +be +及物动词的过去分词 Eg:More factories will be built in the future. ④ 现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词
Eg :We have been learnt English for 15 years.
Luxun’ s book has been translated into many languages. ⑤.带情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+ be +过去分词”构成。 Eg: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,即can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
1. We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
2. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.
【主变被的特殊情况】
1.
感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
3