2007北京XX培训学校考研英语强化班授课讲义(一)(doc89)

after ten years of residence.\ poisonous adj. 有毒的；败坏Everybody loves a fat

2007北京太奇培训学校考The children of immigrants 道德的。forum n. 论坛。pay rise. Yet pleasure at your 研英语强化班授课讲义(一) tend to be bilingual and unprecedented adj. 前所未own can vanish if you learn 2007 – KY-- 1 proficient in English. \ 有的。 prior to 在…以前。that a colleague has been I. Reading Comprehension third generation, the original index n. [pl.] given a bigger one. Indeed, if 内部资料 翻印必究 language is lost in the indices(=indexes) 索引；指he has a reputation for

majority of immigrant T数；标志。 intermarriage n.slacking, you might even be ext I families.\ （种族、宗教等之间的）通outraged. Such behaviour is [2006, RC Text 1] In spite of \of difference,\society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is \democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference\popular culture. People are absorbed into \consumption\the 19th-century department stores that offered \arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite\were stores \enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.\media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that \immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ 1

description of America as a \By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics \of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.\generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet \fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.\ Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. (400 words) Notes: homogenize vt. 使匀质。uniformity n. 千篇一律，无变化。discourse n. 讲演；会话；论文。deference n. 遵从，服从，顺从。an array of (=arrays of) 一系列；大量。elegant adj. 高雅的。cater to v. 迎合；满足。regardless of 不管，不顾。fit into 适合；符合。elevating adj. 提高思想修养的。婚。countries of origin 起源国。bilingual adj. 能说两种语的。proficient adj. 精通的，熟练的。graveyard n. 墓地，坟场。Hispanic n. 西班牙的；拉丁美洲的（说西班牙语的）。seethe vi. 因 … 而骚动。 www.etestedu.com 1. The word \(Line 1, Paragraph 1) most probably means [A] identifying. [B] associating. 2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century [A] played a role in the spread of popular culture. [C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. 3. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. [A] are resistant to homogenization. [C] are hardly a threat to the common culture. 4. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? [A] To prove their popularity around the world. [C] To give examples of successful immigrants. [D] To show the powerful influence of American culture. 5. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is [A] rewarding. [B] successful. [C] fruitless. [D] harmful. ext 2 [2005, RC Text 1] regarded as “all too human\with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.

Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape

in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without T having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other

either tossed her own token achieved. An arrest for 从…起；[B] attentive to researchers' instaround the clock日at the researcher or out of the [C] nice in both drug-related offenses occurs 日夜夜； eradicate 根除；chamber, or refused to accept appearance and temperament. every 20 seconds, and 648 杜绝；staggering大得惊人the slice of cucumber. Indeed, people are put in prison 的；[D] more generous than their mstunning令人震惊的；the mere presence of a grape every day on drug-related go after追捕；sterile 消毒过in the other chamber (without 4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de charges. These numbers 的；embark on 着手，从事；an actual monkey to eat it) Waal have eventually found illustrate the prevailing tactic but for 要不是…的话；HIV was enough to induce in their study that the used by the U.S. government (=human immunodeficiency resentment in a female monkeys in the war against drugs – virus) 人免疫力缺乏病毒capuchin. [A] prefer grapes to going after the people （艾滋病病毒）；lift vt. 撤

cucumbers. supporting the industry. By 消，解除。 The researchers suggest removing both the suppliers [B] can be taught to exchange twww.etestedu.com that capuchin monkeys, like [C] will not be and purchasers of illegal 1. By referring to “mixed humans, are guided by social co-operative if feeling drugs, it is hoped that the results” in paragraph 1, emotions. In the wild, they cheated. industry will collapse by the author most probably [D] are unhappy when separateare a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (426 words) 1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by [A] posing a contrast. [C] making a comparison. 2. The statement \monkey\Paragraph-1) implies that [A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals. [B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature. [C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. [D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions. 3. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are [A] more inclined to weigh what they get. 2

www.etestedu.com 5. What can we infer from the last paragraph? [A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions. [B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. [C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do. [D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild. Text 3 The war on drugs in the United States is an escalating battle that has, as of recent times, reached unprecedented levels. In every city and state across the nation, law enforcement officials are working around the clock to eradicate the illegal use, possession and distribution of controlled substances at all levels of society. The increasing devotion of resources and efforts to the battle has achieved mixed results. A growing amount of money is being devoted to the funding of the war on drugs as time progresses. At last count, 19.2 billion dollars was being spent annually on the ongoing struggle, consisting of pay for law enforcement officials, education, treatment and other uses. This staggering amount translates into a stunning 609 dollars per second. Results are being itself, through the elimination intends to mean of supply and demand. ________. A. all sorts of successes Aside from directly B. confused arresting those individuals consequences responsible for the selling C. positive and negative and purchasing of illegal effects D. drugs, the United States has significant and pleasing also embarked on a campaign outcome to take away the tools by which the drugs are used, 2. The author outlines the primarily in the form of government’s strategy in needles. To this end, there the war on drugs in has been a recent federal ban paragraph 3 to on needle exchanges ________. intended to restrict access to A. support the main the tools necessary for the view presented in use of some illegal drugs. the text B. show that this This program has drawn strategy is the most harsh criticism, however, as effective it has resulted in the use and C. discredit later the reuse of unsanitary needles, strategy in possibly contributing to the subsequent number of AIDS infections in paragraphs drug users who would D. explain why the otherwise have avoided [B] justifying an assumption. statistics cited are infection by using sterile relevant and needles that could have been [D] explaining a phenomenon. important provided, but for the federal ban. According to a study 3. The author brings up the conducted by the AIDS issue of HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies Center of infections in paragraph 5 the University of California in order to ________. at San Francisco, 4000 new A. illustrate another infections of HIV, the virus social issue that is that causes AIDS, could be not receiving avoided per year if the enough attention federal ban on needle B. identify one group exchanges was lifted. This of people whom the translates into more than 10 war on drugs is new cases of HIV avoided indirectly affecting per day, a figure that causes C. illustrate an issue one to pause and consider that must be taken whether the war on drugs is seriously while being fought in the best fighting the war on manner possible. (395 words) drugs D. identify one of the 本文重点词汇和词组：main motivations escalating 逐步升级的；as of for the current

about Burundi. The winner, 1. The emergence of the Net one who does things by a large margin, was a tiny has __________. carelessly. (一个马虎的

Virginia company called A. received support from 人是一个做事粗枝大叶4. The author’s opinion of Open Source Solutions, fans like Donovan 的人。) 3)缓慢的：The

the ongoing war on drugs whose clear advantage was B. remolded the horse was moving at a is one of ________. its mastery of the electronic intelligence services slack pace. (这匹马以缓A. strong disapproval world. C. restored many common 慢的步伐走着。) 4) 生B. critical support C. pastimes 意清淡，萧条：Business reluctant opposition D. Among the firms D. revived spying as a is slack at this season. silent consent making the biggest splash in profession (在这个季节生意清淡 this new world is Straitford, 萧条。) vt. 1)放松；使5. The main point of this Inc., a private 2. Donovan’s story is 缓慢：Slack the rope

text is to ________. intelligence-analysis firm mentioned in the text to before trying to unite the strategy in the war on drugs

A. convince the reader that the war on drugs is being won B. state the harmfulness of drugs and support the war on them C. highlight the importance of launching a battle against drugs D. inform the reader of the current status of the war on drugs Text 4（课外阅读） [2003 RC Text 1] Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well. The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data 3

based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering Chile and Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www.straitford.com. Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risk, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford briefs don’t sound like usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice. (396 words) ________. A. introduce the topic of online spying B. show how he fought for the U.S. C. give an episode of the information war D. honor his unique services to the CIA 3. The phrase ‘making the biggest splash’ (line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means _________. A. causing the biggest trouble B. exerting the greatest effort C. achieving the greatest success D. enjoying the widest popularity 4. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that _________. A. Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true B. Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information C. Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability D. Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information 5. Straitford is most proud of its __________. A. official status B. nonconformist image C. efficient staff D. military background Text 1. 2 Word Study slack adj. 1)松的，松驰的，宽松的：A rope is slack if it hasn’t been pulled tight. (如果一根绳子没有拉紧，那它是松的。) 2)松懈的，马虎的：A slack person is knot. (在试图打结之前请把这条绳子放松。) The train slacked off it

speed as it came into the station. (这列火车进站时，它放慢了速度。) 2)

vi.马虎，懈怠：He was scolded for slacking. (他由于马虎而挨骂。)

2. outrage vt. (=shock or offend sb.; upset greatly) 震骇；触犯；使气愤：

outrage public opinion 违反民意。They were outraged by the

announcement of massive price increases. (物价大幅上涨的消息一公布，他们气愤填膺。) n. 1)残暴行为，罪行：The use of H-bombs would be an outrage against humanity. (使用氢弹是反人类的残暴行为。) 2)愤怒：The farmers felt outrage at the attack on their villages. (农民们对进攻他们的村庄感到愤怒。) 同根词outrageous adj. 愤怒的；残暴的；令人反感的：outrageous behavior令人愤怒的行为。 3. all too 实在太：The holidays were all too short.（假期实在太短了。） The day passed all too quickly. （这天过得实在太快了。） 4. grieve vi./vt. 悲痛，难 过；伤心： I shall not grieve at his death. (他死我不会悲痛。) I was grieved to see the change in my old friend. (我伤心地看到我老朋友的这种变化。) grief n. 悲痛；悲痛的事：My mother is overcome with grief. (我母亲悲痛欲极。) His wild behavior was a

grief to his parents. (他的粗野行为使他父母很伤心。) 同根词

grievous adj. 令人悲痛的；极严重的。

grievance n. 不满意见，苦情，牢骚；抱怨不平：要心不在焉。) They came to Pisa and saw 然，作者打算提醒我们，这同根词： precedence n. 时the leaning 些青年人多么狂热地崇敬间上在前。用于成语：give tower. (他们来到比萨并他们的偶像。 precedence over 给予优先看到了斜塔。) 3) Lean 这些照片确实发人深地位: This task must be your head on my shoulder. 省。我不由得把它们与另一given precedence over all (把你的头靠在我的肩上。) 个热门词“超女”联系起来，others. (这项任务应放在其同根词：leaning n. 倾向，在2005年“超女”这个词He won’t listen to our 5. grievance.

above all (=most

6.

important)最重要的。 exchange 交换；交流：to exchange experience 交流经验。to exchange views交流观点看法。exchange… for…把…换成…：Where can I exchange dollars for pounds? (我在哪里能把美元换成英镑？) exchange … with 和…交换：He exchanged seats with me. (他与我交换座位。) n. 交换；交流：a secret exchange of messages 秘密交换信息。foreign exchange reserves外汇储备。词组：in exchange for 作为交换：I took his watch in exchange for my camera. (我拿了他的手表换我的相机。)

7.

in return for 作为…的回报；以答谢：I’m sending him a present in return for all his kindness to us. (我将寄给他一件礼品以答谢他对我们的好意。)

8.

adjoin vt. 与…相邻。markedly 显着地，明显地。toss vt. (=throw sth. lightly)轻扔，掷。induce vt. (=persuade or

influence sb to do sth.)引诱，诱发，诱惑。stem from (=come from)来自。as yet (=so far) 至今。

Text 3 Word Study precede vi./ vt. 在…之前，在…前面：The Greek civilization preceded the Roman one. (希腊文明先于罗马文明。) 2) They came into the room preceded by a small dog. (一条小狗在前面，他们走进房间。) 3) A major precedes a captain. (少校的职位比大尉高。) 4) He preceded his speech with a warning against inattention. (他讲话以前先警告听众不

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它所有任务之前。) take precedence over 比…重要：Some say Shakespeare takes precedence over all other writers. (有人说，莎士比亚的地位比其他所有作家高。) precedent n. 先例：If he is allowed to do this, it will be a precedent for others. (如果允许他这样做，那对于其他人来说是个先例。) 用于成语：set a precedent 开…的先例: She set a precedent as the first woman executive in the company. (她开了先例当公司的首任经理。) without precedent 没有先例：It is something without precedent in history. preceding adj. 前面的：I remember the war but nothing of the preceding years. (我记得这场战争，但对战前岁月记忆中荡然无存。) precedented：有先例的；unprecedented 史无前例的，空前的。 ext 4 Word Study 1. by a … margin 以…之差：1) We won the game by a large/narrow margin. 2) He won the election by only one vote margin. (他只靠一票之差赢了这次选举。) 2. make a splash 引人注目，引起轰动：She has made quite a splash in literary circles with her first book. （她的第一本书在文 学界大为轰动。） 3. earn one’s keep 挣钱养活自己：When you earn your keep, you will be able to do many things that your parents cannot afford to let you do now. (等你自己挣钱时，你就可以做许多目前你父母没有力量同意你做的事。) earn one’s living (=earn one’s livelihood) 挣钱糊口，谋生。 4. lean vi/vt. 倚，靠；倾，倾斜： 1) He leaned against the wall. (他背靠着墙。) 2) 偏好: 1) Their leanings are towards education for everyone. 2) He has a leaning towards music. lean adj. 瘦而肌肉结实的；贫乏的；歉收的：a lean horse; lean crops (歉收)；a lean year (荒年)；a lean staff (人员单薄)。 5. on the chance of (或that) 怀着…的希望，期望…：1) Go ahead with the printing on the chance that no major correction may prove necessary. （开印吧，希望将来不需要有重大的勘误。） 2) I’ll call at his office on the chance of seeing him before he leaves. （我将到他办公室去拜访他，希望能在他下班前见到他。） 6. take pride in … 以…而自豪：1) Don’t take pride in your son. 2) He took (a) great pride in being a member of the club. pride oneself on sth./doing sth. 以…而自豪：TShe prides herself on her skill as a gardener. II. Writing Directions: Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the photos briefly, 2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3) give your point of view. You should write 160 – 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 多么生动的照片啊！一幅照片展现了一个年轻人的脸，脸上写着贝克汉姆的名字；另一幅照片描绘了同样令人不安的情境，一位青年花300元理个发，就是为了模仿贝克汉姆的发式。显几乎风靡全国。这些照片是镜子，反映了年轻人渴望成功，犹如他们的偶像。最近几年来，随着中国经济稳步增长，年轻人享受到了物质上的富裕，但是这并不总是意味着精神上的满足。相反，他们中很多人越来越沉溺于追求毫无意义的事。他们仿效他们偶像的行为：如何看上去酷、如何寻找欢乐，甚至如何与记者捉迷藏。他们羡慕他们的偶像已经飞黄腾达，然而却从来不看一看偶像们攀登通向成功的荆棘之路。 依我看，很显然，这种狂热对年轻人颇为有害。现在该是教育年轻人如何正确敬仰偶像。每个教育机构的责任是号召年轻人学会成功之道：成功总是来自于刻苦努力。 What vivid pictures! One presents a young man’s face, on which the name Beckham is painted, and the

other depicts an equally

disturbing situation, where a teenager spends 300 yuan on his haircut simply because he wants to follow Beckham ’ s hairstyle. Obviously, the drawer intends to remind us how crazily these youngsters are adoring their icons. The pictures really set me thinking. I cannot help associating them with another hot word “supergirl”, which almost swept over every Chinese in the year 2005. They are mirrors, reflecting how eager the youth are to succeed like their icons. In recent years, with China’s steady economic growth, the youngsters have enjoyed material abundance, which, however, does not always mean spiritual satisfaction. On the opposite, many of them find themselves increasingly indulged in pursuing meaningless things.

They imitate whatever their icons do: how to look cool, how to look for fun, and even how to play hide-and-seek with reporters. They envy how successful their icons have become, yet they never take a look at the thorny road, 该踏踏实实地做点事情的修养，但几乎也不会败坏人时候了。 们的道德。Gregory Rodriguez在为《国家移民论 坛》撰稿时报道说，今天的 作业：1. 认真复习本单元阅移民既没有达到空前的数读文章和词汇工作; 量，也没有抗拒同化。 1998

2. 背诵作文；熟悉短年移民占美国人口的9.8%；文框架、段落结构和常用句1900年占13.6%。在1990散而出了名的，那你甚至可

能会大发雷霆。这种行为表现被认为是“人所共有的”，言下之意，动物或许不会有这种忿恨不平之感。但是，乔治亚洲亚特莱大市的Emory大学的Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal发表在《自along which, their icons climb up to success.

Personally, I hold it self-evident that this kind of craziness will do great harm to the youth. It is high time that they were taught how to adore icons properly. It is the responsibility of every

educational institution to call upon the youth to learn one thing about success: success always results from hard work. (237 words)

Notes: icon圣像，偶像。adore vt. (=love deeply and respect sb. highly) 钟爱，敬爱。

背记重点词语汉英对照：1. 一个…；而另一个…：One … ; the other …。 2. 仿效某人的榜样/衣着和谈吐：follow one’ example/dress and discourse。 3. 发人深省：set people thinking。 4. cannot help associating … with…：不由自主地把…与…联系起来。 5. 渴望做某事：be eager to do sth. (=desire/long to do sth.)。 6. 相反：on the opposite。 7. 仿效，模仿：imitate，follow, model oneself after/on。 8. 沉溺于：indulge oneself in sth. or in doing sth.。 9. 对某人有害： do harm to sb. 10. 该到…时侯了：It is high time that sb. did sth.。

Put the following sentences from Chinese into English： 1. 有两幅画呈现两种截然

不同的情境：在温室中的花茁壮成长；而在暴风雨中的花朵凋谢（wither away）了。 2. 有一些年轻人只模仿明

星的外表而没有去研究明星成功所经历的道路。

3. 这幅画真是发人深省。

我不由自主地把成功与刻苦努力联系起来了。 4. 该到我们永远牢记不能沉溺于甜蜜的梦想中，而应

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型； 3. 安排“复习指导”中长难句语法结构剖析（第1章）和词汇(第2, 3, 4,章)的自学计划, 打好考研英语的知识基础；同时开始做阅读理解一章中的“中级阅读45篇”。用语法词汇促进阅读，再用阅读巩固语法和词汇。 赠言：良好的开端是成功的一半。从今天起你就要全身心地投入到考研准备中去, 以便在明年的激烈竞争中立于不败之地。有得必有 失。你将为此失去很多很多。但是，你得到的是，在事业的征途中又登上了一个新的台阶。 浮躁、急功近利和实用主义的世界观正侵蚀着我们年轻一代的心灵。但考研是一场净化我们灵魂的洗礼，它磨练我们的斗志、考验我们的毅力。我们今天浴血奋战将换来我们明天更美好的未来。我们子孙后代将踩着我们用汗水铺平的道路向科学文化进军！ Text 1参考译文 尽管人们“无休止地谈论美国社会的差异性”，但是美国社会却是一部使人同化的惊人机器。美国的民主化使人们的衣着和谈吐风格趋于一致，人们漫不经心、不拘礼节，没有强制的顺从，这些都是大众文化的特点。人们融入到一种“消费文化”中去；这种文化是由19世纪的百货商店开创的。这些商店在高雅的氛围中向消费者提供各种各样的商品。这些商店不是去迎合知识精英的幽静宜人的商店，而是不论阶层和背景，任何人都能进去的商店。这就使购物成为一种公众的、民主的行动。大众传媒、广告和体育是均质化的其他推动力量。 国外来的移民很快适应了这种大众文化；它可能全然不会提高人们的思想年以前的10年中，每1000

个居民有3.1个移民；而在1890年以前的10年中，每1000个居民中就有9.2个移民。现在，想一想同化的3个标志：语言、住房所有权和通婚。 1990年的人口统计披露，来自15个最常见的移民来源国的每个国家的多数移民在居住了10年以后英语讲得“好”或“很好”。移民的孩子往往是讲双语的，并且精通英语。“到了第三代，在大多数移民家庭中原来的本国语言消失

了。”因而人们把美国说成是语言的“坟墓”。到1996年，1970年以前到达的国外出生的移民房屋拥有率占

75.6%, 高于土生土长的美国人的房屋拥有率（69.8%）。 国外出生的亚洲人和讲西班牙语的人“比在美国出生的白人和黑人的通婚率高。”到第三代，讲西班牙语的女子中有三分之一嫁给非西班牙裔的男子；41%的亚裔美国女子嫁给非亚裔男子。

Rodriguez指出，世界各地偏僻乡村的儿童是诸如阿诺德 斯瓦辛格和加思 布鲁克斯这样的超级电影明星的热情崇拜者（迷）；然而“有些美国人担心，生活在美国国内的移民仍然由于某种原因不受这个国家的同化力的影响。 美国是否存在造成不和的问题和因愤怒而骚动的地区？的确，美国如此巨大，什么东西都可能有一点。但是对照美国动荡的过去来看，今天的各项社会标志几乎没有表明存在着一个黑暗的、日益恶化的社会环境。 Text 2 参考译文 人人都喜欢工资涨得多一点。然而，如果你了解到一位同事工资涨得比你

还多，那么你对自己涨工资的这份高兴劲就会荡然无存。的确，如果他是工作懒然》杂志上的一项研究报告表明，这种行为也是猴子所共有的。

研究人员研究了雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为表现。这些猴子看上去很伶俐。它们是性格和善、善于协作的

动物，并且愿意分享它们的食品。最重要的是，与人类中的女性一样，这些雌性卷尾猴往往比雄性卷尾猴更加看重“商品和服务”的价值。

这些特征使雌性卷尾猴成了Sarah Brosnan博士和Frans de Waal博士研究的首选对象。他们费了两年时间教这些猴子用代金券去换食物。正常情况下，猴子很乐意用石片去换黄瓜片。可是，当两只猴子被放在分开的但相邻的两间小室里，以便每只猴子都能看到另一只猴子用石片能换到什么东西，这时它们的行为变得显著不同。

在众多的卷尾猴眼中，葡萄是一种豪华食品（比黄瓜强多了）。因此当一只猴子用一片石片换来一粒葡萄时，另一只猴子就不愿意把它的石片递过去只换一片黄瓜。并且如果一只猴子收到一粒葡萄而根本不用石片去交换，另一只猴子要么把它的石片朝研究人员扔去，要么就从小室里扔出去，要么拒绝接受这片黄瓜。的确，只要在另一间小室里有一粒葡萄（没有实际的猴子去吃），就足以诱发一只雌性卷尾猴心中的忿恨。

研究人员认为，卷尾猴也像人一样，由社交的情感所支配。在野生环境中，卷尾猴是一种善于协作的群居动物。这样的协作，只有在每个动物感到它没有受骗时，才可能是稳固的。看来，正当的愤怒感并不是只有人才有的。拒绝接受较少的报酬这一行为使这个群体的其他成员非常清楚地看到这些情感。然而，这种公平感是否是人与卷尾猴