全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）附录三 附录3 常用的前缀和后缀，部分国家（或地区）、语言、国民及国籍表，洲名及见缩写词
一、常用的前缀和后缀 1. 常用前缀 aero-:
concerning the air or aircraft plane—areoplane space—aerospace
anti-:
against; opposite of nuclear—antinuclear matter—antimatter war—antiwar
auto-:
of or by oneself
biography—autobiography criticism—autocriticism be-:
to treat as the stated thing friend—befriend little—belittle bi-:
tow; twice; double lingual—bilingual cycle—bicycle bio-:
concerning living things chemistry—biochemistry sphere—biosphere
by-, bye-:
less important
product— by-product way— byway
centi-:
hundredth part grade—centigrade
mater—centimeter co-:
together, with author—coauthor exist—coexist col-:
( used before l ) together, with location—collocation
com-:
( used before b, m, p ) together, with Passion—compassion
con-:
together, with
centric—concentric
federation—confederation
contra-: opposite
diction—contradiction natural—contranatural cor-:
( used before r ) together, with relate—correlate respond—correspond
counter-: opposite
act—counteract
attack—counterattack
cross-:
across; going between the stated things and joining them country— cross-country breed—crossbreed de-:
showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce code—decode value—devalue
dis-:
not; the opposite of
advantage—disadvantage agree—disagree honest—dishonest em-:
( used before b, m, p ) to cause to become body—embody power—empower en-:
to cause to become; to make danger—endanger large—enlarge ex-:
former ( and still living ) minister— ex-minister wife— ex-wife
extra-:
outside; beyond
curricular—extracurricular ordinary—extraordinary
fore-:
in advance, before; in or at the front arm—forearm warn—forewarn il-:
( used before l ) not legal—illegal literate—illiterate im-:
( used before b, m, p ) not moral—immoral possible—impossible in-: not
direct—indirect
sensitive—insensitive
infra-:
below in a range; beyond red—infrared
structure—infrastructure
inter-:
between; among change—interchange national—international
intra-:
inside, within; into city—intracity
department— intra-department ir-:
( used before r ) not regular—irregular
responsible—irresponsible
kilo-: thousand
gram—kilogram mater—kilometer
macro-: large,
esp. concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of economics—macroeconomics structure—macrostructure
mal-:
bad or badly
function—malfunction treat—maltreat
micro-:
extremely small
computer—microcomputer electronics—microelectronics
mid-: middle
day—midday night—midnight
mini-:
small; short bus—minibus skirt—miniskirt
mis-:
bad or badly; wrong or wrongly fortune—misfortune
understand—misunderstand
mono-: one; single
plane—monoplane tone—monotone
multi-:
more than one; many purpose—multipurpose national—multinational
non-: not
resident—non(-)resident sense—nonsense
out-:
outside; beyond live—outlive door—outdoor
over-:
too much; above; additional head—overhead time—overtime
poly-: many
centric—polycentric syllabic—polysyllabic
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲(非英语专业)附录三
