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商丘市小麦干热风的发生规律及成因分析
作者：刘茵 孟自力
来源：《安徽农业科学》2024年第15期
摘要 以1963—2007年商丘市小麦生长季的气象数据为资料，系统地研究了小麦生育期干热风发生规律，并深入分析了形成的原因。结果表明，该区小麦干热风发生频率为10年7～8遇，重灾年率为10年5～6遇。与常年相比，干热风的发生频率呈现有所减少、危害程度呈现有所减轻的趋势；时期上呈现干热风5月下旬—6月上旬减少的态势；空间分布上呈现干热风南部和中部轻、东部和西北部重的特征。形成原因方面来看，受气流影响该区天气晴朗、温度较高、空气相对干燥都有助于干热风气候的出现；另外，选择晚熟品种、氮肥施用过量、灌水量少或过晚等人为因素也可能导致干热风的发生。 关键词 小麦；气象灾害；成因；商丘市
中图分类号 S162文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2024）15-0143-02
Abstract Based on the meteorological data of wheat growing season in Shangqiu during 1963-2007， the occurrence regularity of dry hot wind during the growth period of wheat was
systematically studied， and the reason for its formation was further analyzed. The results showed that the frequency of dry hot wind of wheat in this area was 7-8 in 10 years， and the annual rate of heavy disaster was 5-6 in 10 years. Compared with the conventional year， the frequency of occurrence of dry hot wind was reduced， the degree of harm had eased trend；during the period， there was a reduction in the dry hot wind from late May to early June；spatial distribution presented the characteristics of southern and central light，and the eastern and northwestern heavy in dry hot wind. In terms of the causes， the area of sunny weather， high temperature， relatively dry air could help dry and hot climate；in addition， selection of late maturing varieties， excessive
application of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation amount or late some man-made factors might also lead to the occurrence of dry and hot wind.
Key words Wheat；Meteorological disasters；Causes；Shangqiu City
近百年来，由于全球工业化迅速发展，温室效应加剧，气候变暖趋势已变得不可逆转，导致我国近20年来极端性天气频发。所以，更进一步地对气候极端事件的变化规律加以研究，发现其对农业生产造成的影响，克服气候异常变化等不利因素，是保障国家粮食安全的重点研究内容。在我国的粮食作物中，小麦位于水稻、玉米之后，排第3位，小麦的常年种植面积为粮食作物的22%左右，产量为总产量的21%左右，其对我国社会稳定、粮食安全具有较大的影响。商丘市属于黄淮南片的中部，位于小麦种植的腹部，范围在114°49′～116°39′E、33°43′～34°52′ N，其气象资料基本上可以代替黄淮中部麦区的平均气候情况。商丘是国家现代农业核心示范区，常年粮食产量60亿kg左右，约占全国的1/90、河南省的1/9，其中麦播
商丘市小麦干热风的发生规律及成因分析
