现代语言学名词解释之令狐文艳创作

令狐文艳创作

现代语言学名词解释

令狐文艳

现代语言学名词解释

现代语言学

一 绪论

1 Linguisitics :Linguistics is generally defined as the scientic study of language

2 Phonetics : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics.For example,vowels and consonants

3 Phonology” : The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone. 4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher. 5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.”

6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal

令狐文艳创作

令狐文艳创作

could not be found.The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things.

7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context.

8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.For example,regional dialects,social variation in language. 9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 二 音系学

1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t. 4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in

令狐文艳创作

令狐文艳创作

phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value.

5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme.

6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in compkenebtary distribution.

7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair.

8 Stress: When a certain syllable of a word is stressed, it means that the syllable is prounced with great force than the other or others.

9 tones: Tones are pitch variation, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phoneme; therefore, the tone is a suprasegemental feature.

10 intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation

令狐文艳创作