八年级
5.3?化学反应中的有关计算
学习目标
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2、能根据化学方程式进行有关计算;3、认识定量研究对化学发展的意义.
化学方程式的含义
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化学方程式的含义:以电解水的反应为例
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2×18=362×2=43218g2g16g??
通电1、表示水通电生成氢气和氧气。
2、表示每36份质量的水完全反应,生成4份质量的氢气和32份质量的氧气。
3、表示水分子、氢分子和氧分子的个数比为2:2:1。
说明:在化学反应中,反应物与生成物之间的质量比成正比例关系。因此,利用正比例关系根据化学方程式和已知的一种反应物(或生成物)的质量,可求生成物(反应物)。
化学方程式表示反应前后各物质的质量关系,即反应中各物质之间的质量比,等于各物质的相对分子(原子)质量与化学计量数的乘积之比。