汽车液力自动变速器的优点及使用

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determnation 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally汽车液力自动变速器的优点及使用

液力自动变速器的优点：

1、操作简单、省力，提高了行车安全性；

2、自动适应行驶阻力变化，在一定范围内实现无级变速，提高汽车的动力性和平均车速；

3、汽车起步加速更加平稳，提高乘座舒适性；

4、提高燃油经济性，降低了排放污染，但是如何正确使用自动变速器对于充分发挥其优越性是至关重要的。

自动变速器的使用特性和正确的操作方法。

1、发动机启动及油门踏板的控制

启动发动机时必须把换档手柄置于空档起动位置(N位)。如果有停车档(P位)，必须把换档手柄置于停车档位置。汽车起步时应先挂档后踩油门踏板，不许边踩油门边挂档，不许先踩油门后挂档，不许踩着制动踏板或者还未松开手制动就踩大油门。换档手柄置于行驶档位，应慢慢踩下油门。在升高档或降低档的瞬间，不应再猛烈地加踩油门，否则将使自动变速器尤其是换档离合器、制动器的摩擦元件受到严重损坏。

2、怠速爬行

换档手柄置于前进档，不管在D位还是Z位或是L位，当发动机的油门在怠速位置时，允许汽车有行驶的趋势或极其轻微的向前“爬行”的感觉(蠕动)。目前国外轿车或国内合资和引进生产的轿车只有在排量较小、液力变矩器的尺寸，其失速工况转速比较高(大于2000r/min)的时候，才能不“爬行”。所谓失速工况就是踩住制动踏板，将油门踏板迅速踩到底，发动机达到最高稳定转速时的工况。一些排量大的轿车，其发动机失速转速较低(小于1300r/min)，驱动为矩相对较大，“爬行”现象可能存在。如Cadillac(凯迪拉克)，Merredes-Benz(麦赛德斯奔驰)，Rolls-Royce(罗尔斯-罗伊斯)，CA770(红旗)等大型高级轿车都有不同程度的爬行现象(前进档或倒档都有)。

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally 3、强制低档

强制低档旨在高速超车。高速时，变速器的执行元件，主要是离合器和制动器在分离结合的过程中，磨损发热较大，摩擦片很容易碎裂或粘接，除非特殊需要，不宜经常使用。超车后应立即松开油门踏板，否则发动机达到极限转速甚至超速后再松油门升挡，对摩擦元件同样不利。

汽车高速行驶时，应尽量避免把换档手柄从D位移到Z位或L位，尽管阀体上的换低档定时阀能保证自动变速器顺次降档，即档位自动从四档(超速档)经过三档后再降到低档，但因为这种降档方式实质上也相当于强制降档，其影响与上述所讲的相同。如果需要应降低车速(利用制动器)后再改变换档位置。

如果油门踏板踩到底或再往下踩一段到强制低档位置，而汽车并无真实接通“强制降档”时的感觉(明显地突然加速)，应立即松开油门踏板，查找故障原因。

4、锁止离合器的使用

在液力变矩器中大多装有专门用于将泵轮和涡轮结合在一起的离合器叫锁止离合器。

锁止时机一般为车速60km/h以上，换档手柄在D位时起作用。锁止离合器解除锁止的时机有三个：制动开关产生制动信号，即刹车；节气门位置传感器怠速触点IDL闭合；水温低于60℃。锁止离合器主要作用是提高汽车高速行驶时的燃油经济性(传动效率提高)。如美国Chrysler公司1978年以后生产的Torquefliite自动变速器装在该公司生产的全部轿车上，按照美国环保局(EPA)规定的燃油经济性试验规范，液力变矩器设置锁止离合器之后，在城市和公路上节省燃油分别为4%和6%。由此可看出，在使用自动变速器时应尽量发挥锁止离合器的效能(尽力满足锁止离合器的使用条件)。

5、倒档限制

在汽车还没有停稳时，不允许换档手柄从前进档换到倒档，也不允许从倒档换到前进档，否则会导致变速器的执行元件，主要是离合器和制动器损坏。

在停车场，驾驶员会经常匆忙地倒车，为此有的车型安装了倒档保护装置。如美国ChryslerlNewport轿车上装的TorqueFlite的自动变速器上，在液压控制油路中，装有倒档限制阀。

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally如果汽车还没有停稳，即使驾驶员强行挂倒档也挂不上，因此起到了保护作用。近年来德国奔驰轿车安装的五档机械变速器倒档设置了同步器，同样可起到换档保护作用。

6、下坡制动器(液力下坡缓行器)的使用

装有带下坡制动器的液力自动变速器汽车，空车下8%-10%的坡度时，可以用Z档位行驶；满载下8%-10%的坡度时，必须用L档位行驶。否则自动变速器油温升高，使用性能下降。汽车在行进过程中自动变速器不得换档，以免引起摩擦元件剧烈磨损。汽车下坡过程中，制动器在工作时绝对不允许换档，使用时必须特别注意。

如上海生产的SH80型32t自卸汽车，美国通用公司所属的Allison公司生产的车辆液力传动装置，较老的系列CLB790，1968年以后生产的DP8000系列，1973年后生产的CIB790系列等就是重型汽车、矿用自卸车，其上均是带有闭锁离合器和下坡液力制动器的液力自动变速器，其制动器的使用是比较频繁的。

7、超速驱动

大多数的四前进档自动变速器的第四档是超速档，而且超速档的传动比比较小。如德国宝马系列自动变速器ZF4HP-22传动比是0.73，丰田系列皇冠Crown3.0装用的A42DL自动变速器传动比为0.686。由于超速档的速比小，因此在平坦的柏油路上小负荷行驶时，发动机转速与直接档时相比几乎下降1/3。比如BMW-7系列轿车，当车速160km/h时发动机的转速只有3020r/min，从而不但降低了油耗，而且也使发动机的噪声和磨损明显下降。但是使用超速档是有条件的，超速档开关(O/D)接通，水温达到70℃以上，另外道路负荷条件达到要求，车速能达到一定数值。如Ford的装有AOT的IincolnMsrkⅥ型汽车，在车速达到60km/h以上，超速档工作，降低油耗的效果比较明显。装有带超速档的自动变速器汽车，其正确的操作程序是：换档手柄置于停车档(P位)或空档(N位)，启动发动机，将手柄置于前进档D档位，同时把超速开关接通(其位置在仪表板或换档手柄上)。平缓地加大油门，使汽车加速，直到自动升档到二档、三档和超速挡。如果水温达不到要求或超速开关断开，就只能使汽车在三档行驶而不会升至超速档。

若是汽车下坡行驶需要利用发动机制动或是爬慢长坡时，变速器可能在三档与超速档之间反复升档降挡，此时应将超速档开关切断，待脱离上述工况后，再把超速档开关接通。

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally

三菱在华国产自动变速器

6月26日，三菱与东安汽车发动机公司在哈尔滨签署协议，将自动变速器技术转让给后者。这意味着三菱将其自动变速器国产化。

根据协议，东安汽车发动机公司全资购买了日本三菱自动变速器技术的知识产权，引进的自动变速器分为4挡和5挡两个系列，与1.3L-2.4L发动机匹配。

东安发动机将投资20亿元，分两期推进自动变速器的国产化步伐。2009年完成的一期工程年产量15万台，初期以来件组装为主，2010年实现部分零件国产化。最终实现全部国产化、年产30万台的产能。

东安汽车发动机公司是1998年由东安发动机、哈飞工业集团、哈尔滨东安汽车动力股份有限公司、日本三菱自动车株式会社及三菱商事和马来西亚马中投资控股有限公司“三国六方”共组的合资企业，中方股份70%，已累计生产发动机70余万台、手动变速器60余万台。

In 2016 County Economic workshop Shang of speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalled summary results, analysis judge situation, arrangements deployment new annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and lower further grasp new normal, implementation new concept, temper new style, show new as, struggled to advance County economic social transformation upgrade science development. Following, told four a aspects of problem: a, and full certainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressure continued increased of severe situation and difficult heavy of reform development task, County upper and lower tight at Central and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into total tone, activeadapted economic development new normal, focused focus field, full work storming, County economic social development rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and more points breakthrough, and Overall a good trend. One is closely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global, comprehensive economic power significantly. Accurately gauge the macro situation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained and healthy development of economy and society. Project support capacity increased significantly. Adhere to the inside and outside simultaneously, build, implementation of national and provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replacement bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key construction projects has laid a solid foundation. In particular the national circular economy demonstration counties and .two State-level pilot project ofecological demonstration County project platforms settled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian construction of the reservoir began, handicap reservoirs, Liu Lihe reservoir preparat4ion work goes well, take solid steps for comprehensive utilization of water resources; city gas station to speed up implementation of the project, I became the County's first West-East gas pipeline project in the surrounding area benefit from the County, major projects supported increased significantly. Overall well-off society constantly consolidate 254the basis. Battle victory industrial development as the primary task of the well-off, fruit production suitable for full coverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industry development area extending, farming aquaculture changes the momentum of the show, \se + base + farmers\hey gradually introduced measures significantly strengthen standardized management, industry constantly consolidate the basis and enriching. Investment attraction results continue to expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally

天津艾达自动变速器有限公司为中日合资企业，成立于2004年3月18日，由日本爱信AW株式

会社出资80%，中国第一汽车集团公司出资20%共同建立，2005年3月28日正式投产，是天津开发区西区第一家企业。公司总投资3亿人民币，总占地面积：91506m2，主要为天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司生产的皇冠、锐志2款车型生产高性能和高科技含量的FR6速汽车自动变速器（B750/305K）。

公司秉承品质至上，不断满足客户和员工需求的经营理念，为员工提供有竞争力的薪酬和福利制度，注重员工发展和职业生涯的规划，每年为员工提供赴日本研修和学习的机会。

公司目前处于二期生产的筹备期，需招收大批从业人员，期待有志之士加盟，共同致力于TAW的持续发展。