.*
可数名词 名(C 词 countable) ︹表 不可数名1词(U ︺ uncountable) 不泛指某一具体的人/事物 定冠固定词组 词 说话人和听话人心中都了解的人定/事物，表示特指 冠冠词 词 最高级/固定词组/习惯用法 ︹表 表示泛指的不可数名词/复数名2词前 ︺ 零泛指时，表示三餐、球/棋类运动、冠学科、季节、年份、月份、星期、词 节假日的名词前 固定词组/习惯搭配
He is an old doctor. She is now a different China from what she was. once upon a time(从前)， an hour or two a long time, a few, a little I bought a skirt yesterday. The skirt is very beautiful. in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end., by the way Failure is the mother of success. Children like cartoons. Do you have a rest after lunch? They are fond of playing basketball/chess. Spring/April/Sunday/Children’s day is the best time. on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example face to face, hand in hand, side/step by side/step 单表示“一个”含义时需要在前面加上表示数量关系/所有关系/指示关数 系的限定词（冠词/数词/名词所有格/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词等。 表示泛指某一类事物加上不定冠词：a book, an orange 复表示泛指时不必加任何限定词 数 We must tell friends from enemies. 单独出现表示泛指。 不可以直接跟数词、不定冠词连用，但可以在不可数名词前加表示数量的名词词组等来表示其具体数量： a piece of news, a sheet of paper .*
第一人称 第二人称 基本第三人称 用法 多个人陈代词并列的排序 单数 主格 I you he she it 宾格 me you him her it 复数 主格 we you they 宾格 us you they 单数的语境下：you放在最前，I放在最后 You, she and I all enjoy music. 复数的语境下：we放在最前，they放在最后 We, you and they should preserve the environment 代替前文提到过的事物 代替指示代词，起this/that作用 This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. Is this you car? No, it isn’t. Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. The Greens have a new baby. It is lovely. 人称代词 ︹表 3it︺ 的充当形式主语 特殊用法 充当形式宾语 指代事物/人 指代动植物、不明身份/性别的人/婴儿 指自然现象（天气、气象、It is getting dark. 天色等）/量度How far is it to the Great Wall? （时间、距离、温度、价值等） 代替不定式 代替动名词 代替主语从句 代替不定式 代替动名词 代替宾语从句 强调主语 It is our duty to take care of the old. It is worthwhile working the whole night. It doesn’t matter what you do. I consider it better to be early. We thought it no use doing that. The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time. It is my word that counts. (我说了算) It is me that/whom you should ask. 强调时间 It is at eleven that the train leaves. 强调地点 It was in the classroom that I left him. 强调方式 It was just as he ordered that I acted. 强调原因 It was because he was poor that I helped him It was red that we painted the gate. 强调用于强调句型 宾语 It is/was+被强调的部分强调+that/who/whom+状语 原剧中其他部分 强调宾补 .*
分类 及用法 指示代词 作︹替表 代4词︺ 的 空间/时间上离说话人较近/ 下文将要讲的事物 空间/时间上离说话人较远/ 上文提及的事物 指示代词（后面必须有后置定语） that 替代 单数可数名词 不可数名词 单数 this that 复数 these those Your pen is expensive than that I have. The population of China is larger than that of any other country. His stories are more interesting than those I told. 可以代替事物，也可以代替人。 a/an+被代替的单数可数名词（泛指同一种/类的事物/人） the+被代替的单数可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物/人） those替代复数可数名词 that只能代替事物，相当于the+被代替的单数可数名词/不可数名词（特指同一种/类的事物） 区别指示用代词that法 与数词one/ones 修饰语可以前置/后置/单独使用 必须有后置定语 My child doesn’t like this book. Show her a The population of China is more interesting one. larger than that of any other Our new book is more expensive than the country. one we had before. 不 定 代all, 词 each, ︹every 表 5 ︺ All are equal before the law. 主语 all of后接 名词(必须带冠词物主代词等限定词)，of 可省略，all变为定语 All (of) the milk has been drunk. All (of) my friends like reading. 人称代词，of不能省略 All of them enjoyed the party. 宾语 all表示“三者/三者以上都” 表语 定语 Say all you know and say it without reserve.(知无不言，言无不尽) The brave defenders gave their all.勇敢的防伪者奋战到底。 That is all for my speech.我的发言到此结束 We should argue the case in all seriousness.(极其严肃地) Deal all the cards. 把牌都发了。 实义动词 主语助动词、情的同态动词、系位语 动词be 之前 之后 The people all voted against it. We are all for him. 同位语 之前（简Who can speak Japanese? 短回答） We all can. 宾语There is justice for us all. (这对我们每个人而言都是公平的同的) 位语 .*
不no one, 定nothing代, none 词 ︹表 5both, ︺ neither, either many much 等 some any 复合不 定代词 other others another each表示 “两个/两个以上当中的每一个”侧重指每个人/事物的个别情况 主语 宾语 定语 同位语 Each has a cup of tea. Give an apple to each. There is a line of trees on each side of the road. 主语的同位语 宾语的同位语 They each signed the paper. Give them each an apple. 只作定语 You have every right to say so.(你完全有权利这么说) No one likes a person with bad manners. Nothing except your fears stands in your way. Think nothing of it. (不用介意这件事) None of us has got a camera. None of the money belongs to me. (none在代表不可数的事物时，谓语动词用单数) None are so deaf as those that will not hear. None of the books are easy enough for us. Both seat are taken. There are houses on either side of the road. many, many a, a few, few, (not/quite)several, a (great/large) number of, numbers of. much, a little, little, a bit of, a good/great deal of , a large/great amount of, amounts of. some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great/large quantity of, quantities of. I have some questions. “一些” Some Mr. chen is calling you.“某一” Do you have any questions? “一些” Come any day you like. “任何一个” He drinks something fierce.(他喝烈酒) is there anything important in that box? every表示“三者/三者以上当中的每一个”侧重强调全体的情况 no one=nobody只指人，谓语动词用单数,不能与介词of连用。 nothing只指物，谓语动词用单数,能与介词of连用。 none即指人也指物，能与介词of连用，根据含义谓语动词用 单数 复数 both“两者都”（用法类似于all） either“（两者中的）任何一个” 只修饰可数名词 只修饰不可数名词 既修饰可数名词有修饰不可数名词 some any 肯定句 否定句/疑问句/条件句 肯定句 neither“（两者中的每一个）都不” Neither of the twins is here. some/any/no/every + body/one/thing 用法相近于some/any/no/every, 被定语修饰时，定语必须后置。 other“另外的，其他的”作定语修Any other person would tell the truth. 饰可数名词（单/复数）/不可数名词 the other后面不接其他名词时表示两者中的另外一个 Hold it in this hand, not the other. .*
不定代词 ︹表 5︺ others是other的复数形式，但不作定语，只作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 another泛指三者/三者以上当中的“另外一个”，前面不能加任何冠词 前面不加定冠词，泛指“其他人/物”（但不指其余的全部） 前面加定冠词，特指“剩下的人/物”（可指其余的全部） 主语 宾语 表语 单数可数名词 定语 复数可数名词，视为一个单数的整体 Many students are playing on the playground. Some are playing football; others are playing basketball. Six of the toys are mine; the others are John’s. Then another put up his hand. Let’s ask for another. Say is one thing and doing (is) another She has got another boyfriend. We will study here for another two years. 物主形容词代性物主词 代词 ︹表 6名词性︺ 物主代词 反身代词(动作的承受和与动作的发出者是一体） ︹ 表 7 ︺
第一人称 第二人称 单数 myself 复数 ourselves 宾I cut myself when shaving this 语 morning. 单数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 his her its 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 句中作用 定语my task 不能与其他限定词（冠词、指示代词）同时使用,不能说：a my friend 主语May I use your pen? Yours works better. ours your theirs 宾语I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 表语 The life I have is yours. my your our your their mine his yours hers its yourself 第三人称 himself herself itself I am not quite myself these days(我最句表近身体不太舒服) yourself 中语 I will be myself again in no time.(我一作会儿就会好的) 用 主语They themselves are to be 同的 blame. themselves 位宾语We had better ask the doctor 语 的 himself about it.
英语语法结构体系图
