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解析高考英语倒装句的三种类型 (1)
英语最基本的语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装；只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装胃时只把强调内容提到句首，主谓并不倒装，构成形式上的倒装，语法上称为前置。
一、倒装句意义
1．适应一定语法结构的需要，主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。如： （1）Will you help me with the heavy box?
(2)How did you persuade him to give up smoking?
2.为了强调某一部分，而把这部分放到句首，构成倒装。如： （3）Never have I been late for school this term.
（4）So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
二、倒装的使用情况
考点1：完全倒装（Full Inversion）
1．在“there be”结构里，there是引导词，主语在be 后。如： （5）There are 20 women waiting outside the hospital. （6）There will be a sports meet in our school next week.
注意：there be 句型中如有两个以上主语，谓语动词be 的单复数形式遵循邻近原则。 试比较：
（7）There is a pen and two pencils in he schoolbag. （8）There are two pencils and pen in the schoolbag.
2.在here, there, now, then等副词开头的某些句子里主语在动词之后（谓语动词多为不及物动词且要用一般现在时态）。如： （9）Here comes the bus. （10）There goes the bell. （11）Now comes your turn.
注意：如果主语是人称代词，主语和主要动词的记序不变。 试比较：（12）Here it is. （13）There she comes.
3.为表达生动，有时把表地点、方位的副词或介词短语，如up, down,out,in, away, on the wall等放在句首，同时把谓语动词放在主语之前。如： （14）Away hurried the children.
（15）Out rushed the boy, gun in hand.
（16）At the foot of the mountain lies a village.
注意：若主语为人称代词，主语和谓语动词的位置不变，只将副词放在句首。 试比较：
（17）Away he went and in came his sister.
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4.表语（常为形容词、过去分词或介词短语）置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。如：
（18）Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. （19）Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people. （20）Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and candles.
5.重复倒装句型，用在以so, nor,neither开头，表示前面前面所述的情况也适用于另一个人或事物的肯定或否定句中。So用于肯定句，表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同样也不，也不这样”。如： （21）I like pop music. So does my brother.
(22)My sister didn’t watch TV last nigh. Neither/ Nor did I.
注意：①该句型中的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致，而人称、数却与本句主语保持一致。
②如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和（此时的so=indeed），那么，句子则不使用倒装式。 试比较：
（23）—Maggie had a wonderful time at the party.
—So she did, and so did I.
③Neither…nor…“……不……，也不……”，由于neither和nor 都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。
6．直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句中的主谓常直接倒装。 （24）“That’s right,”said the teacher, pointing at the map. （25）“I do hope,” said Nancy,“they haven’t all forgotten about it.”
考点2：部分倒装（Partual Inversion）
1.在疑问句中。如：
（26）Is she singing in the classroom? （27）What does your mother do?
注意：特殊疑问词在句中做主语时，句子语序为“who/what/which…+谓语+其他？”。 试比较：
（28）Who has broken the window?
（29）Who do you think has broken the window?
2.在以never, seldom, little, often, hardly, scarcely,few, not,not once,not until, not only, no sooner, nowhere, at no time, by no means等开头的句子中，采用部分倒装。如： （30）Little did he say at the meeting.
（31）Not until then did he realize how foolish he was. （32）Often have heard it said that he is not to be trusted. （33）No sooner had she gone than the accident happened.
（34）I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.
注意：①如不放在句首就不要倒装 试比较：
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（35）Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. （36）I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army. ②Not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”，Not only 位句首时所在句子要倒装，而butalso引导的句子必须用正常语序。如：
（37）Not only will help be given to people to find jobs,but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
③如果Not until引导的是句子，until从句的主谓不可倒装，而是主句需要倒装。如： （38）Not until he arrived home did he find that his wallet had been stolen.
3.用于以only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子中，如：
（39）Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. （40）Only in this way can we learn English well.
注意：①如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。如： （41）Only Wang Li knows the answer. ②only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。 试比较：
（42）Only when he returned did we found the truth.(正) Only when did he return did we found the truth.(误)
4． 在虚拟结构中，条件从句的谓语含有were, had 和should 这三个词时，可省去if，将这
些词移至主语之前。如：
（43）Had we got here earlier(=If we had got here earlier), we would have caught the train. （44）Were I you(=If I were you), I would go abroad.
（45）Should he come(=If he should come), tell him to call me up.
5.So+形容词/副词及such置于句首时要倒装。如：
（46）So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. （47）So early did he come to school that no other students came.
注意：在这个句型中，so 引导的句子倒装，而that 引导的从句不倒装。 （48）Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
（49）Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist. 注意：such后的be 动词应与其后的“真正主语”保持一致。 另外，注意在某些表示祝愿的句子中的倒装结构。如： （50）May you have a long and happy life!(部分倒装)
（51）Long live the People’s Republic of China!(完全倒装)
考点3：形式倒装（Formal Inversion）
1.as引导让步状语从句时要倒装（形容词/副词/名词/动词+as+主语+谓语）。如： （52）Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me. （53）Child as he is, he seems to know everything. 注意：child前不加冠词。
（54）Hard as he worked/Try as he may, he made little progress.
2．感叹句。如：
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（55）What an interesting talk they have! （56）How interesting their talk was!
3．The more…the more句型。如：
（57）The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. （58）The harder you work, the greater progress you will have.
4.Whatever; however+adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句句型。
（59）Whatever the boy says, his mother always thinks that he is right.
（60）However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.
解析高考英语倒装句的三种类型
