山东建筑大学毕业设计说明书
前 言
毕业设计是大学本科教育培养目标实现的重要阶段，是毕业前的综合学习
阶段,是深化、拓宽、综合教和学的重要过程,是对大学期间所学专业知识的全面总结。通过毕业设计,可以将以前学过的知识重温回顾,对疑难知识再学习,对提高个人的综合知识结构有着重要的作用。通过毕业设计,使我们在资料查找、设计安排、分析计算、施工图绘制、口头表达等各个方面得到综合训练,具备从事相关工作的基本技术素质和技能。
目前，我国建筑中仍以钢筋混凝土结构为主，钢筋混凝土造价较低，材料来源丰富，且可以浇筑成各种复杂断面形状，节省钢材，承载力也不低，经过合理设计可以获得较好的抗震性能。今后几十年，钢筋混凝土结构仍将活跃在我国的建筑业上。框架结构体系的主要特点是平面布置比较灵活，能提供较大的室内空间，对于自选商场类楼房是最常用的结构体系。多层建筑结构的设计，除了要根据建筑高度、抗震设防等级等合理选择结构材料、抗侧力结构体系外，要特别重视建筑体形和结构总体布置。建筑体形是指建筑的平面和立面；结构总体布置指结构构件的平面布置和竖向布置。 建筑体形和结构总体布置对结构的抗震性能有决定性的作用。
毕业设计的三个多月里，在指导老师的帮助下，经过查阅资料、设计计算、论文撰写以及图纸绘制，加深了对规范等相关内容的理解，巩固了专业知识，提高了综合分析、解决问题的能力。并熟练掌握了AUTOCAD和结构设计软件PKPM，基本上达到了毕业设计的目的与要求。
框架结构设计的计算工作量很大，在计算过程中以手算为主，后面采用建筑结构软件PKPMCAD进行电算,并将电算结果与手算结果进行了误差分析对比。由于自己水平有限，难免有不妥和疏忽之处，敬请各位老师批评指正。
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山东建筑大学毕业设计说明书
目 录
前 言 ·······················································································1 摘 要 ·······················································································4 ABSTRACT ···············································································5 1
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5.
第一部分 建筑设计 ························································1
工程概况： ··········································································1 建筑平面设计 ·······································································1 建筑立面设计 ·······································································2 建筑剖面设计 ·······································································2 建筑说明及做法： ·································································2
2 第二部分 结构设计 ·················································· 4
2.1. 结构方案的选择及结构布置 ·····················································4 2.1.1. 结构平面布置图 ······································································· 4 2.1.2. 结构构件截面尺寸和材料选择 ····················································· 4 2.1.3. 计算简图 ················································································ 5 2.2. 框架荷载计算 ·······································································6
2.2.1. 板面荷载计算 ·········································································· 6 2.2.2. 梁柱自重 ················································································ 7 2.2.3. 墙体自重 ················································································ 8 2.2.4. 竖向荷载下框架受荷总图 ··························································· 9 2.2.5. 风荷载计算 ··········································································· 13 2.3. 风荷载作用下的位移验算 ······················································ 14
2.3.1. 侧移刚度计算 ········································································ 14 2.3.2. 风荷载作用下框架层间位移计算 ················································ 15 2.4. 内力计算 ··········································································· 16
2.4.1. 恒载作用下的内力计算 ···························································· 16 2.4.2. 活载作用下的内力计算 ···························································· 19 2.4.3. 风荷载标准值下的内力计算 ······················································ 23 2.4.4. 内力组合 ·············································································· 26 2.5. 截面设计与配筋计算 ···························································· 31
2.5.1. 框架梁截面设计 ····································································· 31 2.5.2. 框架柱截面设计 ····································································· 32 2.6. 纵向连系梁截面设计 ···························································· 39
2.6.1. 内力计算 ·············································································· 39 2.6.2. 内力组合 ·············································································· 42 2.6.3. 配筋计算 ·············································································· 42 2.7. 双向板计算 ········································································ 46
2.7.1. 楼（屋）面板平面布置图 ························································· 46
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山东建筑大学毕业设计说明书
内力计算 ·············································································· 46 截面设计 ·············································································· 49
2.8. 楼梯设计 ··········································································· 51
2.8.1. 梯段板设计 ··········································································· 51 2.8.2. 平台板设计 ··········································································· 52 2.8.3. 平台梁设计 ··········································································· 53 2.9. 基础设计 ··········································································· 55
2.9.1. 荷载计算 ·············································································· 55 2.9.2. 确定基础底面积 ····································································· 56 2.9.3. 基础结构设计 ········································································ 56
2.7.2. 2.7.3.
谢 辞 ······················································································· 59 参考文献 ················································································· 60
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山东建筑大学毕业设计说明书
摘 要
本文为济南市青银高速公路管理处办公楼毕业设计说明书。该楼建筑面积
4800平方米左右，依据建筑设计、抗震等方面的要求，确定合理的结构布置方案，
确定框架以及基础的形式。综合考虑采用了现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构。
本结构设计中选取一榀主框架进行截面设计及配筋计算。首先根据框架布置确定各构件的尺寸，进行恒载、活载以及风荷载的统计。然后再进行竖向荷载作用下结构内力的计算，水平荷载下的内力计算采用D值法。之后进行内力组合并进行分析，找出最不利的一组内力组合，进行构件计算。楼（屋）面板采用弹性理论进行设计，并进行柱下独立基础设计。此外，还进行了楼梯的设计与计算。最后，根据计算结果，并依据相应的构造要求，绘制了结构施工图，并写出了相应的结构设计说明。
本设计的特点之一，灵活运用了大学四年所学过的专业知识，计算中多种计算方法得到了体现，如D值法，分层法等，使自己掌握了多方面的知识。
关键词：框架结构；结构设计；内力计算；弹性理论；水平荷载；钢筋混凝土
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山东建筑大学毕业设计说明书
ABSTRACT
This paper is the graduation design specification Ji'nan Qingyin expressway management office. The building area is about 4800m2,According to the office design,the reasonable structural scheme and structural foundation plan was determined.
One lateral frame and slab was selected and calculated.First,depth and width of sections were determined,and dead load ,live load,wind load were determined.Then the internal forces of the structure under vertical load were calculated.The D-method was used for calculating the wind load.After the combination of internal forces,the most unfavorable combination of internal forces was identified.Then the necessary reinforcement in beams and columns was determined.The elastic theory was used for calculating slab.In addition,the single-foundation and combined foundation were designed.The stairway and canopy were also designed.Finally according to the calculated results and detail, blueprints of the structure had been completed.
The advantage in this design was that many theories studied in university in four years was used.The many kinds of computational methods was manifested in the computation,like D-method ，moment iteration method and so on,so which caused myself to grasp the various knowledge.
Key Words: frame；structural design；internal force； elastic theory；lateral
loads；reinforced concrete
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青银高速公路管理处办公楼结构设计说明书
