弱电工程师培训教程 V1.0
目 录
***闭路监控系统*** .....................................................................5 一.摄像机.......................................................................................5
1. 基础知识 ............................................................................................................................. 5 a. 什么是CCD摄像机? ...................................................................................................... 5 b. CCD摄像机的工作方式 .................................................................................................... 5 c. 分辨率的选择 ................................................................................................................... 5 d. 成像灵敏度 ...................................................................................................................... 5 e. 参考环境照度:................................................................................................................ 5 f. 电子快门........................................................................................................................... 6 g.光谱响应特性.................................................................................................................... 6 h. CCD芯片的尺寸 .............................................................................................................. 6 2.CCD摄像机的选择和分类..................................................................................................... 6 a.依成像色彩划分 ................................................................................................................ 6 b.依分辨率灵敏度等划分...................................................................................................... 6 c.按CCD靶面大小划分 ....................................................................................................... 7 d.按扫描制式划分 PAL制, NTSC制....................................................................................... 7 e.依供电电源划分 ................................................................................................................ 7 f.按同步方式划分 ................................................................................................................. 7 g、按照度划分..................................................................................................................... 7 h.按外观分: ....................................................................................................................... 7 3. CCD摄像机的安装与调整 .................................................................................................... 8 a. 镜头的安装方式 ............................................................................................................... 8 b.AGC ON/OFF(自动增益控制) ........................................................................................ 8 c. ATW ON/OFF(自动白平衡):.......................................................................................... 8 d. ALC/ELC(自动亮度控制/电子亮度控制) ........................................................................ 8 e. BLC ON/OFF(背光补偿开关) ........................................................................................ 8 f. LL/INT(同步选择开关) .................................................................................................. 9 g. VIDEO/DC(镜头控制信号选择开关).............................................................................. 9 h. SOFT/SHARP(细节电平选择开关) ................................................................................. 9 i. FLICKERLESS(无闪动方式) .......................................................................................... 9 j.补充说明: ........................................................................................................................ 9
二.摄像机镜头 ............................................................................10
1.分类:.................................................................................................................................10 2.正确选用摄像机镜头。 ........................................................................................................10 a.手动、自动光圈镜头的选用..............................................................................................10 b.定焦、变焦镜头的选用.....................................................................................................10 c.正确选用镜头焦距的理论计算 .......................................................................................... 11 低照度摄像机的正确认识 ....................................................................................................... 11
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弱电工程师培训教程 V1.0
三.监控外围设备介绍 ..................................................................12
1.云台 ....................................................................................................................................12 云台有多种类型: ..............................................................................................................12 2.云台故障处理方法 ...............................................................................................................12 2.支架 ....................................................................................................................................13 3.防护罩.................................................................................................................................13 4.监视器.................................................................................................................................14 5.视频放大器..........................................................................................................................14 6.视频分配器..........................................................................................................................14 7.视频切换器..........................................................................................................................14 8.画面分割器..........................................................................................................................14 9.录像机.................................................................................................................................14 10.红外光投射器 ....................................................................................................................15 11.云台镜头控制器 .................................................................................................................15 12.监听头 ...............................................................................................................................15 13.顺序式视频音频切换器 ......................................................................................................15 14.矩阵切换控制器 .................................................................................................................15 矩阵与解码器的连接方式 ....................................................................................................15
四.DVR(数字硬盘录像机) .......................................................16
1.摘 要 .................................................................................................................................16 2.DVR的分类 ........................................................................................................................16 3.DVR的选择分析 .................................................................................................................16 a.性能满足系统要求............................................................................................................16
五.配线的技术要求 ...................................................................17
1. 室内配线的技术要求 ..........................................................................................................17 2、室内配管的技术要求 .........................................................................................................17 3、空间探测器的安装技术要求...............................................................................................18
六.验收通则....................................................................................18 七.监控系统常见的故障现象及其解决方法 ............................19 ***报 警 系 统***......................................................................22
一、入侵探测器概述 ..............................................................................................................22
入侵探测器的种类 ..............................................................................................................22
入侵探测器的主要技术性能指标 .............................................................................................25
一. 红外对射探头 ..................................................................26
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弱电工程师培训教程 V1.0
1.ALEPH红外对射探头调试指南 .........................................................................................26
二.常用红外探测器.......................................................................28
C&K常用探测器调试中应注意的几个问题 .............................................................................28 a.认识LED灯况...............................................................................................................28 b.上电“预热” ......................................................................................................................28 c.步测的基本方法 .............................................................................................................28 d.灵敏度调整 ......................................................................................................................28 e.微波探测范围调整 .........................................................................................................28 f.红外探测范围调整 ..........................................................................................................29 C&K探测器的各种性能。 ......................................................................................................29
三.报警控制主机 ...........................................................................31 四.误报问题....................................................................................33 ***电子巡更系统*** ...................................................................35
功 能 介 绍............................................................................................................................35 1.1概述:...........................................................................................................................35 1.2 在线式巡更系统:......................................................................................................35 1.3 离散式巡更系统 .........................................................................................................36
***门禁***.....................................................................................37
一 门禁简介 ...........................................................................................................................37 二 门禁类别 ...........................................................................................................................37 三 系统组成 ...........................................................................................................................37 单门一体化简单系统 ...........................................................................................................38
联网系统 ............................................................................................................................38 门禁系统主要构件介绍 .......................................................................................................40
四 工作原理 ...........................................................................................................................42
***停 车 场*** ............................................................................43
概述: ...................................................................................................................................43 特点 .......................................................................................................................................43 停车场所具有的主要功能: ....................................................................................................43 主要设备功能 .........................................................................................................................44 1自动路闸功能...................................................................................................................44 2出入口票箱功能 ...............................................................................................................44 3收费处设备功能 ...............................................................................................................44 4月租卡发售设备功能 ........................................................................................................44
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弱电工程师培训教程 V1.0
5系统软件功能(见下表) .................................................................................................45
停车场的系统原理图: .......................................................................................................46
停车场系统配置: ..................................................................................................................46 配置详细介绍: .....................................................................................................................47 一.专用控制器 .....................................................................................................................47
车辆控制器标准功能: .......................................................................................................47
工作原理 ................................................................................................................................48
●临时卡 ............................................................................................................................48 ●月租卡 ............................................................................................................................48
二.自动道闸 .........................................................................................................................48 自动路闸功能 .........................................................................................................................48 三.收费处设备功能 ..............................................................................................................49 四.系统软件功能 ..................................................................................................................49 五.票箱 ................................................................................................................................50 六.读写器特性 .....................................................................................................................50 七.授权发卡机 .....................................................................................................................50
***对讲系统*** ............................................................................51 考核点及评分 ................................................................................55
考核说明: .........................................................................................................................55
考核表 ...................................................................................................................................55
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弱电工程师培训教程 V1.0
***闭路监控系统***
一.摄像机
1. 基础知识
a. 什么是CCD摄像机?
CCD是Charge Coupled Device(电荷耦合器件)的缩写,它是一种半导体成像器件,因而具有灵敏度高、抗强光、畸变小、体积小、寿命长、抗震动等优点。
b. CCD摄像机的工作方式
被摄物体的图像经过镜头聚焦至CCD芯片上,CCD根据光的强弱积累相应比例的电荷,各个像素积累的电荷在视频时序的控制下,逐点外移,经滤波、放大处理后,形成视频信号输出。视频信号连接到监视器或电视机的视频输入端便可以看到与原始图像相同的视频图像。
c. 分辨率的选择
评估摄像机分辨率的指标是水平分辨率,其单位为线对,即成像后可以分辨的黑白线对的数目。常用的黑白摄像机的分辨率一般为380-600,彩色为380-480,其数值越大成像越清晰。一般的监视场合,用400线左右的黑白摄像机就可以满足要求。而对于医疗、图像处理等特殊场合,用600线的摄像机能得到更清晰的图像。
d. 成像灵敏度
通常用最低环境照度要求来表明摄像机灵敏度,黑白摄像机的灵敏度大约是0.02-0.5Lux(勒克斯),彩色摄像机多在1Lux以上。0.1Lux的摄像机用于普通的监视场合;在夜间使用或环境光线较弱时,推荐使用0.02Lux的摄像机。与近红外灯配合使用时,也必须使用低照度的摄像机。另外摄像的灵敏度还与镜头有关,0.97Lux/F0.75相当于2.5Lux/F1.2相当于3.4Lux/F1.
e. 参考环境照度:
夏日阳光下 100000Lux 阴天室外 10000Lux
电视台演播室 1000Lux 距60W台灯60cm桌面 300Lux 室内日光灯 100Lux 黄昏室内 10Lux
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弱电系统培训教程(安防,门禁,视频经典) - 图文
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