第五讲 特殊句式
语法填空
【典题试做】
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
2．(全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, make(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
在语法填空中强调句是高考考查的重点，倒装句是高考书面表达的得分点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的主谓一致也是高考考查的重点项目。
短文改错
【典题试做】
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” Turning→Turn
1．倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用； 2．强调句型中it或that的误用； 3．感叹句中what和how 的误用； 4．祈使句中动词原形的误用；
5．There be句型中be动词单复数的误用。
强调句
1．陈述句式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他．(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他？
(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
(四川卷)Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down? 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．not...until...的强调句：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他．(注意时态) (湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
■名师点津
(1)当强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，要用陈述句语序。 I wonder who it was that told Jim the news. 我想知道是谁告诉吉姆这个消息的。
(2)强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
倒装句
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)here, there, now, then, up, 完全倒装 down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时 否定副词(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等)置于部分倒装 句首时 only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时 “so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“……也是如此/也不……” “Not only＋部分倒装， but also...”表示“不仅……而且……” 部分倒装 not until...置于句首时， 主句需部分倒装 So＋adj./adv.＋部分倒装＋that.../Such(a/an)＋adj.＋n.＋部分倒装＋that...表示“如此……以至于……” (江苏卷)Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. 直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
(湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 直到讨论了那个问题几个小时之后他们才做出决定。
(四川卷)We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work. 我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
(陕西卷)John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before. 约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。
其他特殊句式 (一)省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
(湖南卷)Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 孩子在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。 2．不定式的省略
(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。
(江苏卷)Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don’t want to. 首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接不定式时，不能省略 to。
(陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge. 如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
■名师点津
特殊的省略结构(常作为插入语来处理)： if so if not if ever if necessary
如果这样的话 并非如此 如果曾经有的话 如果有必要的话
if possible if any (二)感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
如果可能的话 如果有的话
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！ 2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！ (3)How＋主语＋谓语！
(辽宁卷)What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it before. 多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
(三)祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。 (四)there be句型
(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then. 自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
(2)there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难。 There is no possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事没有可能性。
巧解特殊句式
一、熟记句型结构，轻松确定答案
常考的特殊句型都有一定的规律和句式结构，比如强调句基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他”，其判断方法：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。
二、巧用还原法，化难为易
对于一些特殊句型来说，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等，便能降低解题难度。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·天津和平一模)Around this point develops(develop) the story, which is humorous and full of a strong local flavor.
2．(2020·天津部分区质调)—It’s nice.Never before have I had such a delicious meal! —I’m glad you enjoy it.
3．(2020·北京朝阳二模)So red was her coat that it stood out against the snow. 4．He offered to get my suitcase out of the trunk.I collected it and walked away. So did he. 5．During the visiting, we were told not to touch the equipment in the laboratory unless allowed(allow) to. 6．(2020·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill lies(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
7．(2020·江苏四市调研)One has reason to believe that China’s anti-corruption over the past few years, tough as/though it is, has achieved inspiring progress. 8．(2020·天津河西质调)Is it he or you who/that are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?
9．(2020·牡丹江一中摸底)What fun it is to have a cold drink after an exciting game! 10．(2020·西安八校联考)As far as I can see, there is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out how it is he is trying to express. how→what 2．He hasn’t slept at all for four days.There is no wonder that he is worn out. There→It 3．(2020·广东六校联盟联考)Making sure those kids and their families are safe, because
2021年新高考英语语法突破讲义：特殊句式
