监 理 手 册
陵县永安工程建设监理有限公司
目录
一 开工前的准备工作 二 地基基础工程施工 2.1土方开挖·································································01 2.2基土钎探·································································01 2.3验槽·····································································02 2.4地基处理·································································02 2.5垫层·····································································03 2.6钢筋工程·································································04 2.7模板工程··································································07 2.8混凝土基础································································08 2.9砖基础····································································11 2.10防潮层···································································11 2.11回填土···································································12 三 主体工程 3.1砌砖工程·································································13 3.2混凝土多孔砖工程··························································13 3.3钢筋工程·································································14 3.4模板工程·································································14 3.5砼工程···································································15 3.6预置空心楼板工程·························································16 四 装饰装修 4.1抹灰工程·································································18 4.2地暖工程·································································19 4.3外墙保温工程·····························································20 4.4室内防水工程······························································22 4.5铝塑门窗安装······························································23 4.6面砖镶贴··································································24 4.7内、外墙涂料粉刷工程·····················································25 五 屋面工程 安装篇
一 基础电气工程·····························································27 二 基础给排水工程···························································27 三 主体电气工程·····························································27 四 主体给排水工程···························································28 五 装修电气工程·····························································28 六 装修给排水工程···························································29 其它········································································32 建筑工程材料检验取样标准····················································33 建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准················································37 规范标准基本用词说明························································41 建筑工程资料管理基本要求····················································42
一、开工前的准备工作
一、开工前的准备工作：
1.编制监理规划、监理细则、旁站方案、安全监理规划、安全监理细则、安全旁站方案。 2.审查施工单位施工组织设计、技术交底、工程管理人员上岗证。
3.应搜集的资料:施工许可证；规划许可证；施工单位资质、安全生产许可证、现场管理人员名单。
4.熟悉高程控制点及轴线控制桩。 5.熟悉图纸及现场情况.
6.主持召开第一次监理会议，需明确内容：监理人员职责及分工；监理管理工作的一些要求和规定；例会召开的时间、地点、主要参加人员。
二、地基基础工程施工
1.土方开挖
1.一般规定
1.1土方开挖时，应防止附近已有建筑物或构筑物、道路、管线等发生下沉和变形。应与设计单位或者建设单位协商采取保护措施，并在施工中进行沉降和位移观测。当土方工程挖方较深时，应采取措施，防止基坑底部土的隆起并避免危害周边环境。
1.2土方不应堆积在基坑边缘。材料堆放应距坑沿1米以上的距离，堆土高度不超过1.5米。 2.监理要点
2.1基槽开挖前，楼体放线必须经规划部门验收合格。
2.2严禁超挖，如果超挖，超深部分的处理应由设计单位确定方案，施工单位不得擅自填埋。 2.3冬季开挖后，如基础垫层不能紧跟施工，应将基坑（槽）覆盖，防止基土冻结。 2.4当开挖深度超过3米或虽开挖深度没超过3米但地质条件和周边环境复杂的，应采取基坑支护措施。
2.5采用机械施工时，只能挖至设计高程以上30cm，以下用人工挖至设计高程。
2.基土钎探
1.一般规定
1.1为探明地基在一定深度内是否存在坟坑、古井、古河道、人防工程等异常和土质分部不均情况，对地基进行钎探。
1.2钎眼距离当设计没有规定，且满堂开挖时，其距离不大于1.5米，呈梅花型布置，钎探
深度不得小于1.8米。
1.3钎眼布置应和钎眼布置图相符。钎探数据应真实有效，填写清晰，钎眼标识应清晰，便于查找。钎点位置用白灰方格线控制，探孔离槽边0.2米左右。
2.监理要点
2.1检查钎眼深度。用2米长钢筋，检查实际钎探深度。 2.2灌砂。验完槽后，应及时用细砂灌钎眼。
3.验 槽
验槽由建设单位组织，设计、勘察、施工、监理、质检站参加。验槽意见以勘察和设计为主。验槽意见必须形成书面文件，并有各责任主体签字。没有书面验槽文件，不得对地基进行处理。
4.地基处理
1.灰土地基. 1.1一般规定：
1.1.1灰土应拌合均匀，颜色一致，并保持一定的湿度，加水量宜为拌合料总重量的16 ％。 1.1.2灰土分段施工时，上下两层灰土的接槎距离不得小于500mm。当灰土垫层标高不同时，
应作成阶梯形。接槎时应垂直切齐。接缝不要留在荷载较大的部位。
1.1.3灰土最上一层完成后，应拉线或用靠尺检查标高和平整度，超高处用铁锹铲平；低洼
处应及时补打灰土。
1.1.4宜优先选用黏土、粉质黏土或粉土，不得含有有机杂物，使用前应先过筛，其粒径不
大于15mm。
1.1.5石灰应用块灰，使用前应充分熟化过筛，不得含有粒径大于5mm 的生石灰块，也不得
含有过多的水分。
1.1.6当灰土厚度小于等于20cm时，可采用小型机械搅拌（30或50拖拉机）；当灰土厚度
大于20cm小于等于30cm时，需用大型灰土拌和机搅拌，也可用小型机械分两层搅拌。当厚度超过30cm时，应分层搅拌。 1.2监理要点：
1.2.1控制白灰用量。根据铺设厚度计算出用灰量，然后和施工单位的实际进灰量进行比较。
3：7灰土每立方白灰含量0.21立方（0.245T），2：8灰土每立方白灰含量0.14立方。 1.2.2灰土拌合后，应保持一定灰土的湿度，应以手握成团，两指轻捏即碎为宜。 1.2.3灰土应连续进行，尽快完成，施工中应有防雨排水措施，刚打完或尚未夯实的灰土，
如遭受雨淋浸泡，应将积水及松软灰土除去，并补填夯实；受浸湿的灰土，应晾干后再夯打密实。
1.2.4灰土垫层不宜冬期施工，当施工时必须采取措施，并不得在基土受冻的状态下铺设灰
土，土料不得含有冻块，应覆盖保温，当日拌合的灰土，应当日铺完夯完，夯完的灰土表面应用塑料薄膜和草袋覆盖保温。 2.砂和砂石地基
2.1一般规定：
2.1.1铺筑砂（或砂石）的厚度，一般为150-200mm，不宜超过300mm，分层厚度可用样桩
控制。视不同条件，可选用夯实或压实的方法。夯实可采用平板振动器，压实可采用6—10吨的压路机。
2.1.2砂和砂石宜铺设在同一标高的基土上，如深度不同时，基土底面应挖成踏步或斜坡形，
接槎处应注意压（夯）实。施工应按先深后浅的顺序进行。
2.1.3分段施工时，接槎处应作成斜坡，每层接槎处的水平距离应错开0.5～1.cm，并充分压（夯）实。
2.1.4.铺筑级配砂在夯实碾压前，应根据其干湿程度和气候条件，适当洒水湿润，以保持砂
的最佳含水量，一般为8 ％～12 ％。
2.1.5采用砂石处理时，应按配比在搅拌机里搅拌，不得在现场随用随调。
2.1.6施工时应分层找平，夯压密实，最后一层压（夯）完成后，表面应拉线找平，并且要
符合设计规定的标高。 2.2 监理要点：
2.2.1垫层的铺设，应待其下一层检验合格后方可施工上一层。砂石配比应均匀，不得出现
石子或砂子集中现象。振捣必须密实，不得有漏振现象。
2.2.2)砂和砂石不得含有草根等有机杂质；砂应采用中砂；石子最大粒径不得大于垫层厚度
的2／3。
2.2.3砂石施工应连续进行，尽快完成，施工中应有防雨排水措施，刚铺筑完尚未夯实的砂
石，如遭受雨淋浸泡，应将积水排走，晾干后再夯打密实。
2.2.4不得在基土受冻的状态下铺设砂石，砂中不得含有冻块，夯完的砂石表面应用塑料薄
膜或草袋覆盖保温。砂石垫层冬期不宜施工。 3. 其他。
3.1 地基处理完成以后，必须经过监理验收，才能进行下一道工序，有必要时可请设计人
员参加验收。
3.2 桩基、符合地基必须有有资质的检测部门出具的检测文件。
5.垫层
1. 一般规定
1.1 垫层施工前，主要材料应有试验室出具的检测报告。水泥应有3d或7d的报告。 1.2 施工单位的计量器具应配备齐全，且准确有效。搅拌机旁应设置配合比标牌。试验室
配合比应根据实际砂、石的含水率调整成施工配合比。砂石料场必须硬化。 1.3 槽底标高应符合设计要求，用水准仪进行测量。 1.4 垫层表面应平整，无露石现象.。 2. 监理要点:
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