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2024年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit10-知识点总结与练习

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2024年春人教新目标英语八年级下册 Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.

语言知识点: 1. for/since

(1) for与表示一段时间的词连用,表示“做某事多长时间了”,常用于现在完成时,表示从过去某时开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如:

I’ve lived in China for two years. 我住在中国两年了。

I’ve known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。

(2) since作连词,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句常用完成时。例如: I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。 I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。

since还可以作介词,连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如: She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。

She has been in Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。

2. maker

maker是名词,意为“生产者;制造者”,是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中,表示职业或身份的名词小结: (1) 以-ist结尾的有:

pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家 physicist物理学家 scientist科学家 (2) 以-er,-r或-or结尾的有:

teacher教师 painter画家 writer作家 singer歌唱家 visitor参观者

actor演员 engineer工程师 inventor发明家 professor教授 reporter记者 (3) 以-man结尾的有:

postman邮递员 policeman警察 businessman商人 spaceman宇航员 fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工 (4) 以-ian结尾的有:

musician音乐家 politician政治家

3. certain

certain作形容词,意为“某种;某事;某人”。例如:

He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。 【拓展】certain作形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中:

be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握 be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事

be certain / sure + that从句 确信…… 例如:

They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。 I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。 4. a 46-year-old husband and father

46-year-old是复合形容词,这种形容词有两个特点:一是词与词之间要用连字符连接;二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如:

a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子 【拓展】

岁数的表达方式小结:

(1) 基数词 + years old。例如: He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。 (2) 基础词-year-old。例如:

Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。 (3) 名词 + of + 基础词。例如:

Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。 (4) at the age of + 基数词。例如:

She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。 5. shame

shame是不可数名词,意为“羞耻;羞愧;惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用,表示“可耻的人或事;可惜(遗憾)的事”。例如:

He felt no shame for what he had done. 他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。 It’s a shame that you can’t stay for dinner. 你不能留下吃晚饭,真遗憾。 【拓展】shame常见的短语有:

feel shame at…因……而感到羞愧 in shame羞愧地 have no shame无羞耻心 with shame羞愧地 to one’s shame令某人感到羞愧的是 bring shame on使丢脸 6. regard

regard作及物动词,意为“注视; 注意;认作”。常用短语regard…as…意为“将……视为……;把……当作……”,as为介词,其后可接名词或代词。例如:

I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。 We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。 7. opposite

(1) opposite作介词,意为“在……对面”,相当于across from,常与名词一起构成介词短语,表方位。例如:

They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。

(2) opposite作形容词,意为“另一边的;对面的;相反的”。例如: We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。 (3) opposite作副词,意为“在对面”。例如:

There’s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。 (4) opposite作名词,意为“相反的人或物;对立面”,常与介词of一起使用。例如: “Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。 8. consider

consider作动词,意为“考虑、认为”,它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。

Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。

Why don’t you consider visiting Qing Dao?你为什么不考虑去青岛参观? I consider that he is a selfish man. 我认为他是一个自私的人。 【拓展】

后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳:

完成,实践,值得,忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy); 考虑,建议,不禁,想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like); 错过,习惯,(别)放弃(miss, be used to, give up); 继续,喜欢,(要)介意(keep on, enjoy, mind)。

词汇精练

I. 英汉互译。

1. 多久___________________ 2. not …any more ___________________ 3. grow up___________________ 4. 起初___________________ 5. as for ___________________ 6. give up___________________ 7. 至少___________________ 8. 一年一两次___________________ 9. according to ___________________ 10. in order to___________________ II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。

1. All my life I have tried to be an ______________(诚实的) man. 2. He tied a ______________(围巾) around his neck. 3. Please ______________(检查) your answer again.

4. It’s very comfortable to step on the ______________(柔软的) ground in the spring. 5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build ______________(铁路). 6. He is the tallest one ______________(在……当中) the boys.

7. In judging him you should ______________(仔细考虑) his youth. 8. I have many pleasant ______________(回忆) of our friendship. 9. My little son can ______________(数数) from one to ten.

10. Miss Li ______________(搜寻) on the Internet for the information she needed. III. 用since或for填空。

1. Jill has been in Ireland ______________ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______________ three days.

3. My aunt has lived in Australia ______________ 15 days.

4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there ______________ 7 o’clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______________ 1947. 6. The bus is late. We’ve been waiting ______________ 20 minutes.

7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______________ many years.

8. Mike has been ill ______________ a long time. He has been in hospital ______________ October. 参考答案

I. 英汉互译。

1. how long 2. 不再 3. 长大 4. at first 5. 至于…… 6. 放弃 7. at least 8. once or twice a year 9. 根据;按照 10. 为了 II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。

1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft 5. railway 6. among 7. consider 8. memories 9. count 10. searched III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. for; since 句式精讲

1. How long have you had that bike over there? how long意为“多长时间”,询问某一动作或状态持续了多久,故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或 表示状态的连系动词。例如:

How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久? 【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析:

how long 表示“多长时间”,主要对时间段提问。例如:

2024年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit10-知识点总结与练习

2024年春人教新目标英语八年级下册Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.语言知识点:1.for/since(1)for与表示一段时间的词连用,表示“做某事多长时间了”,常用于现在完成时,表示从过去某时开始,持续到现在的动
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