专业英语的概念是早在1964年由Halliday与Mcinfash和Stmvens在其合著的The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching一书中首先提出来的：English for Specific Purpose or English for Special Purpose
后来，Tom Hutchinson and Alan Waters在其著作“English for Specific Purposes：a learning—centered approach(1987)”中对专业英语做了更加广泛的定义：ESP is an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learner’s reason for learning 专业英语构词特点
? 一是外来语多（拉丁语、希腊语） ? 二是构词方法多
? 常规构词法——转化、派生、合成法 ? 其他：符号法、混成法和字母形象法等 ? 专业英语和大学英语 ? 1. 词汇的专业性 ? plant：
? ——工厂、车间 ? charge： ? ——电荷
? positive charge：正电荷 ? base：
? ——碱专业英语和大学英语
?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
2. 词汇构词法 词尾：
一般化学元素多以“-ium”结尾，如：
Sodium 代表Na(钠)、Chromium 代表Cr(铬)等。 前缀：
mono-：一；di-：二，如：
carbon monoxide(CO)；carbon dioxide(CO2) 后缀：
-ane：烷烃，-ene：烯烃， -one：酮，如：
propane（丙烷） propylene（丙烯） acetone（丙酮） 3. 缩写词汇 COD：
Chemical Oxygen Demand ——化学需氧量 BOD：
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ——生物需氧量 b.p.：
Boiling point ——沸点
4. 长句多且结构复杂
Why to learn
“Special English
in Chemistry” ?
? 专业英语的学习就是为了培养学生在自己的专业领域内查阅、翻译英文文
献、写出地道的论文英文摘要，与国外学者直接进行科技交流，这才是英语学习的最终目的。
? 给自己设定三个目标：
? 阅读方面：能查阅该领域的专业文章，通过专业词典 能快速理解文章主线和细
节；
? 写作方面：要求写出符合科技论文要求及特点的英文 摘要，在本科毕业论文中
具体体现；
? 听说方面：要求能进行一些简单的专业技术交流。加强专业英语、基础英语和专业
课程的联系
? 例如：Surfactants are usually organic compounds that are amphiphilic，meaning they
contain both hydrophobic groups(their “tails”)and hydrophilic groups(their “heads”)． ? 首先应该了解专业知识，表面活性剂是指具有固定的亲水亲油基团，在溶液的表面
能定向排列，并能使表面张力显著下降的物质。而且是由疏水基团，亲水基团二部分组成。
? 分析：句中that are amphiphilic为定语从句，修饰compounds，meaning引导同位
语从句，说明that are amphiphilic的含义。
翻译：表面活性剂通常是两性的有机化合物，意思是它们既含有疏水基团，又含有亲水基团。 1.colour
Colourless Red-brown Violet-black Purple-black Pale yellow Dark brown 2.state
solid liquid gas gaseous oily crystalline uncrystalline molten 3.smell
odourless pungent
choking bitterfused sweet
offensive sour 4.solubility soluble insoluble
slightly soluble very soluble 5.observations
brisk effervescence precipitate milky
aqueous solution 6.density
heavy light less dense denser greatly denser slightly denser
about the same dense 7.hardness hard soft ductile malleable 8.toxicity
toxic nontoxic poisonous 9.melting point boiling point high low 10.Conductivity
electronic conductivity thermal conductivity conductor semiconductor insulator Lesson 2
Chemical Equations 1.反应名称：
disproportionation
neutralization; hydrolysis
exothermic reaction endothermic reaction forward reaction reverse reaction
spontaneous reaction
nonspontaneous reaction 2.反应条件：
heat; burn ignite/ignition
electrolyze/electrolysis
under/at ambient/room temperature under standard pressure
with/in the presence of catalyst
3.反应读法：
Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
1 mol nitrogen reacts with 3 mol hydrogen to form 2 mol ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
Nitrogen combines with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
Reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst gives ammonia.
Ammonia decomposes to nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperature and pressure with the presence of a catalyst.
At high temperature and pressure, reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst takes place.
例：
Zinc treated with hydrochloric acid forms hydrogen and zinc chloride
Calcium carbonate when heated produces calcium oxide and carbon dioxide
Calcium carbonate is heated to yield calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when it is heated.
Lesson 3
Chemical Calculation
1.化学术语
atomic mass/weight; molecular weight amount(of substance); mole
number of moles; molar mass molar volume; concentration molarity; reactant product; yield 2.数学术语
＋ － × ÷ 运算名称 addition subtraction multiplication division 动词读法 add substract(ed)·from multiply(ied)·by divide(d)·by 介词读法 plus minus times over 运算结果 sum difference product quotient
? 0.001 zero point zero zero one ? 2/3 two thirds
? ＝ equals/is equal to
? ≈ is approximately equal to
? ? ? ? ? ? ?
＜ less than ＞ greater than x2 x squared x3 x cubed
x-10 x to the minus tenth power 100oc one hundred degrees centigrade 5% five percent (by mass, volume)
? （） round brackets/parentheses ? [ ] square/angular brackets
{} braces
专业英语(有机)
