[VIP专享]新王牌小班辅导教学设计教案-高一B3讲义1附加资料

新王牌名师精品小班

新王牌小班辅导教学设计教案

班级代号季 度课题名称高一英语B3秋季班上课地点上课次数浦东校区上课时间教师代号15:20-17:20杜z高中英语语法： 定语从句学习+专项练习关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的用法及非限制性定语从句的用法教学重点教学难点教 学 内 容英语基础语法——定语从句 1. 有关定语从句的概念(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。(2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。(3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。如：This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。说明：句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词；代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。The time when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。说明：句中when he arrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语。2. 关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom或who，作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which，作定语用of which或whose均可。在限制性定语从句中which, who, whom都可用that代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略。This is the man who helped me yesterday. 这就是昨天帮助我的那个人。(作主语)The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming. 你要见的老师来了。(作see的宾语，可以省略)I met a boy whose father was a astronaut. 我认识一位男孩，他的父亲是宇航员。(作定语)Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 这是一件做给你的衣服。（作主语）This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。(作visited的宾语，可以省略)He has a book whose cover (=the cover of which) is very beautiful. 他有一本封面非常漂亮的书。3. 关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when, where, why，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。when的先行词通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等时间名词；where的先行词通常是place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地点或情形名词；why的先行词只能是reason。关系副词when和where有时可用“介词＋which”代替，why可用for which代替。如：There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父亲曾工作的那家工厂关闭了。(作状语) 1 / 9 新王牌名师精品小班比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工厂关闭了。(作主语)(2) I’ll never forget the days when we lived together. 我永远也忘不了我们一起生活的那些日子。(作状语)比较：I’ll never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. 我永远也忘不了我们在澳大利亚度过的那些日子。(作及物动词spent的宾语)(3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。(作状语，用关系副词)比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated.他所说的缺席理由显然是编造的。(作gave的宾语，用关系代词)4. 习惯上要用that引导的定语从句(1)当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。All that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。There is little work that is fit for you. 没什么工作适合你做。I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。(2)先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。This is the best that has been used against pollution. 这是用来防止污染的最好办法。This is the very book that I am looking for. 这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。(3)先行词包括人和物时。They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。(4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如：Which is the house that caught fire last night? 昨晚失火的是那座房子？Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁？5. 习惯上不用that引导的定语从句(1)在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。Yesterday I met Mary, who seemed very excided. 昨天我碰到了玛丽，她显得非常兴奋。(2)直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。The house in which we live is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。I know the young man with whom you live. 我认识和你住在一起的那个年青人。但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which, who替代whom，也可以省略关系代词。如：The house (which/that) we live in is not large. 我们住院的房子不大。I know the man (whom/who/that) you live with. 我认识和你住在一起的那个人。(3)当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he等时，只能用who。None so blind as those who won't see. 睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎。Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。I met someone who said he knew you. 我碰到一个人，他说认识你。He who has a mind to beat his dog will easily find his stick. (谚)欲加之罪,何患无辞。(4)当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 有位新校长明天来，他将教你们德语。系统学习及回顾关系代词和关系副词的用法：关系代词和关系副词的选用取决于先行词及它们在定语从句中的语法成份关系代词先行词在定语从句中充当的语法成份Who人主语Whom人宾语Whose人或物定语Which物主语或宾语 2 / 9

新王牌名师精品小班That人或物主语或宾语关系副词先行词在定语从句中充当的语法成份When表时间的名词时间状语Where表地点的名词地点状语Why表原因的名词原因状语1 关系代词引导的定语从句 　　关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that　 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：　 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）　 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，可把关系代词省掉2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。when, where, why　 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\介词+ which\结构，因此常常和\介词+ which\结构交替使用，例如：　 There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。　 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。　 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？3. 判断关系代词与关系副词 　 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　 判断改错　 This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　 I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　 This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　 I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?　 A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.　 A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one4 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：　　　This is the house which we bought last month.　　　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）　　　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限 3 / 9

新王牌名师精品小班制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：　　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。　　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。　　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时as和which代替的是整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。并且从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, (=and that)which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which (=and that) is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。☆ As还在以下几种结构中作关系代词引导定语从句the same as : He is just the same as he use to be.他还是和过去一样such…as : Such passengers as survived the explosion were drowned.象那些在爆炸中幸免遇难的乘客都被淹死了as…as : As many as we found were taken to the hospital.我们找到多少就送到医院☆关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。5 介词+关系词 (介词前置：关系代词如果在定语从句中充当介词的宾语，可把介词前置到关系代词的前面，形成介词+关系代词的结构)1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）如果关系代词是动词短语的宾语，动词短语的介词不能前置错误用法：This is the girl of whom he will take care.正确用法：This is the gril whom he will take care of4）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的\介词+关系词\结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。　 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.　 This is the house where I lived two years ago.　 Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　 Do you remember the day when you joined our club?☆另外还应注意的是:①way后常用that代替in which，也可省略thatI really don't like the way (that) he talks.That was the way in which the old lady looked after us. ②of which起形容词的作用，相当于whose（用来指物）They live in a house whose door (the door of which) opens to the south. ③相同的先行词在表示不同的含义时，要根据其含义用不同的介词。 I can't remember the age at which he won the prize.我记不起他获得奖金的年纪That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness. 那正是人们生活在和平幸福的时期age在前句中意为\年岁\，与at搭配，在后句中意为\时期\，与in搭配。 ④先行词或定语从句中的动词、形容词要根据不同的具体语境选择适当的介词。 This is the bus on which the accident happened. 这是发交通意外的那辆巴士This is the bus by which I came to this town. 这是我搭程去镇上的巴士6 Which和that 的选用1）当先行词是不定代词(everything , something , anything , littlt , much)时，只能用thatIs there anything that I can help you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗？2)当先行词被序数词所修饰时，只能用thatThis is the second book that was written by the writter. 这是那个作者写的第二本书3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只能用thatThis is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影 4 / 9

新王牌名师精品小班4)当先行词前有限定词(or , every , a few , noly , some , very等)修饰时，只能用thatThis is the only film that I wanted to see. 那正是我唯一想看的电影5）先行词既有人，又有物时，只能用that6)当介词前置时，只能用which7)在非限制定语从句，只能用which(并在前用 ，号与主句隔开)7 But引导的定语从句相当于一个否定从句There is no one but knows about the matter. 没有人不知道这事8定语从句和同位语从句的区别1）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。 The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。） The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 （定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。） 2) 引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如： The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。） The idea that he gave surprises many people． 他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 　（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）定语从句练习1易混易错定语从句练习 有些定语从句方面的题，如果不仔细审题、不弄清句意和句子结构，就很可能把一些似是而非的东西搞混，从而降低解题的准确性。要想解决这个问题就得从准确理解句意和理清句子结构入手。1．①Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ windows face south？ ② Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ the windows face south？ A．whose B．which C．of which D．that2．①Is this factory ＿＿＿ you visited last year？ ②Is this the factory ＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last year？ A．that B．of which C．the one D．where3．①John is the only one of the students who＿＿＿French． ②John is one of the students who ＿＿＿ French． A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known4．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can ask for help． ②When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can go for help． A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who5．①This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually cut my pencil． ②This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually use to cut my pencil． A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that6．①Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he had visited twice． ②Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he visited a lot of places of interest． A．which B．where C．that D．there 7．①He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent together． ②He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent the summer holidays together． A．which B．when C．where D．that8．①The reason ＿＿＿ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way． ②The reason ＿＿＿ he was late was that his car broke down on the way． A．why B．which C．how D．what定语从句练习一1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others. 5 / 9