Unit 1
After living in the 24-hour city of Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. My daughter wanted a horse. My husband wanted property. My son wanted a dirt bike. I wanted our family to be more self-sufficient.
None of us felt that this could be accomplished where we were living and we all agreed that a move to the country would be great for everyone.
Before long we set about looking for a home in Yucca, Arizona, a very small town of less than 1,000 people. It was while I was scanning listings from our real estate agent that I first learned of it. There was a home for sale there on 40 acres. When I called to inquire about the property, I was informed that there was no electricity available in the area. What? No electricity? I almost dismissed the idea immediately.
The property was off the grid. It was not connected whatsoever to any utilities
— power, water or
sewer. Power was supplied by a wind turbine and solar panels. Water had to be hauled in and stored in two tanks located on the property. Forty acres would give us plenty of room for all of our animals and give my husband and son space to ride their ATVs. Besides, what better way is there to become more self- sustainable? After giving it some thought, we decided to put in an offer and moved in on Thanksgiving Day.
When we first moved to the property, we did some remodeling and stayed in our motor home. We were confronted with real challenges at the time. The power kept going out, the main water line to the house broke, the plumbing backed up into the front yard and the generator died.
But the setbacks just made us work harder. We slowly got things fixed and moved into the house after 38 days in the RV. The next challenge was to become familiar with your power system, and to learn the ins and outs of hauling your own water and generating your own power.
Our off-the-grid system consists of eight solar panels (1,000 watts) that are mounted on a sun tracker rack. We also have a wind turbine that generates 3,000 watts in 24 mph winds. The energy generated by the wind and sun is stored in 16 6v golf cart batteries. We also have two 2,500-gallon above-ground water tanks and a 250-gallon propane tank. Every weekend, we haul two 275-gallon water tanks to the nearby town of Yucca and fill them with water, which we then pump into our big water tanks.
While living here for the past four months has been a big adjustment, there are many benefits to living off the grid. I think one of the greatest is teaching my kids the importance of conservation. They used to take water, power and gas for granted. The first week we were here, we used almost 1,000 gallons of water. With only a 5,000- gallon water tank, it didn ' t take them long to understand that we had to useessl water. We started taking
quicker showers, doing only full loads of laundry, turning off the water while brushing our teeth or shaving.
Over-consumption is even more clearly demonstrated by our electricity usage. We have a digital readout of how many volts of DC power we have stored in our batteries at any given time. If you turn on a light or the TV, the number goes down. In order to protect the batteries, the system is set up to shut the inverter off if the volts get too low. Then the power goes out. When we first moved in, we lost power almost daily. After this happens a few times, it becomes clear very quickly just how often you waste electricity. Everything from lights and ceiling fans to computers and radios were left on when they were not in use. The cell phone chargers were plugged in even when they weren 't charging anythingA. ll of this uses unnecessary power. We are steadily learning to be more diligent with our power usage.
In addition, we are also trying to make other changes. They include reducing the amount of trash we generate by recycling and composting, growing our own organic vegetables, and reusing and repurposing things that we would normally toss. We also want to produce our own eggs and goat
' s milk in the near future.
Overall, going off the grid has been great for our family. We have learned how to conserve power and water and to really appreciate what the earth gives to us every day. I hope that once my kids move out of the house, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living off the grid.
Unit 3
I received an email from a reader who asked,
“ Why do some friendshniposmeantdte, r how much you want
them to last? Sh”e referred to having seen the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship . As I wrote in it, I don ' t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime ones, and why some end. Although I ' ve tried answering the first two questions in other articles ( To Have A Friend and Be A Friend ), I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusioned by ones that slip away.
some insights here as to why friendships end.
My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations friends are in or even the friends themselves change. Others have similar answers. First, the situations friends face may change. The decision to relocate for a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these situations cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes? No, but it ' ll require adjustments that one or both friends might not be willing to make.
Second, the friends themselves may change. A significant reason that friendships often end when friends are apart for an extended period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it hurts less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that consumes more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, unless one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. (For example, one friend might forget the importance of the friendship due to the high of having a new pet or might feel that the change is impossible to overcome when one gets married but the other is still single.) In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about what was a precious friendship to them.
There are other reasons why friendships end. For example, as much as two people might want a friendship to survive, one or both of them might unintentionally neglect it. Friendship is often compared to a flower garden. Well, if flowers don enough to sunlight and don
Even so, I ' ll try to offer
'extpgoested regularly
' t get watered enough, flowers will
wither and even die. The same applies to friendship. If week after week passes where plans are made to spend time together but are never honored, perhaps due to taking a friendship for granted, eventually even the closest of friendships may cease to have a reason to exist.
Conflicts can also cause the end of friendships. If the flower is a fledgling plant, one blow might destroy it just as sometimes relatively young friendships aren
' t strong enough to endure much cEonvfelinctt.hose amazing
close friendships, where friends love us no matter what our faults are, need care when it comes to conflicts. Sure, if a flourishing flower gets stepped on, it might revive on its own. Moreover, if it gets a little extra special care, it 'll probablybounce back as if it hadn
't ever ibnejuerned. At the same time, if a flower gets repeatedly trampled
on, it ' ll probably eventually break.Especially the friendships that have been around for a long time can endure storms, and even become stronger for them, but most friendships have breaking points.
Nevertheless, while we can rarely predict at the outset which ones will last, most friendships do enrich us for however short or long they
' re a part of our lives.
Unit 4
In the sleepiness at the end of a library nap, I wasn
'wat s.uIrestwrehtcehredI out my arm to reach for a
human being, but what I grabbed was a used copy of The Odyssey , the book about going home. My heart ached.
It was 2 a.m. The library, flooded with white fluorescent light and smelling of musty books and sweaty sneakers, was eerily quiet. My readings seemed endless. I had been admitted into a three-course, yearlong freshman program called Directed Studies, dubbed Directed Suicide by Yalies. It was supposed to introduce us to “the splendors of Western civilization, in the word”s of the catalog, by force-feeding the canons of philosophy, literature and history.
I wanted very much to study the Western canon, because I knew nothing about it. Yes, McDonald 's ads and Madonna posters were plastered on Shanghai streets, but few Western ideas filtered through. We had been informed of Karl Marx 's habit of sitting at the samsepot in the British Library, for instance, but had read none of his original words. Western civilization was different, mysterious and thus alluring. Besides, because I longed to be accepted here, I yearned to understand American society. What better way to comprehend it than to study the very ideas on which it is based?
But at 2 a.m., I was tired of them all: Homer, Virgil, Herodotus and Plato. Their words were dull and the presentations difficult to follow. The professors here do not teach in the same way that teachers in China do. Studying humanities in China means memorizing all the
waited for the end-of- class “ correct ” answers, which never came.
Learning humanities was secure repetition in China, but it was shaky originality here. And it could be even shakier for me. The name Agamemnon was impossibly long to pronounce, and as a result I didn
“ correct, ” stainntedraprrdetations given during
lectures. Here, professors ask provocative questions and let the students argue, research and write papers on their own. At Yale, I often
't recognize i
when we were discussing him in the seminars. I had written my first English essay ever just a year earlier, when applying to colleges, and now came the papers analyzing the canons. And I simply didn 't write in English fast enough to take notes in classes.
I hoped my diligence would make up for lack of preparation. On weekend nights, when my American roommates were out on dates, I would tell them I had planned a date with Dante or Aristotle. (They didn 't think it was funny.)
reluctant to leave behind his native Troy. “ Aeneas agonizes, ” I wrote. “ Hehesitates. Natural instincts call him to stick to the past, while at the same time, he feels obligated to obey his father 's instructions for the futureH. is present life is split, pulled apart by the bygone days and by the days to come. ”I saw myself in what I wrote.
During calls home every two weeks, my mother pleaded with me to take chemistry or biology. Science was the same everywhere, she said. And I, like everybody else from China, was well prepared in math, physics and chemistry. (To graduate from a standard six-year Chinese high school, one needs to take five years of physics, four years of chemistry and three years of biology.)
Instead, I visited the writing tutor
On one of those weekend nights, I wrote a paper on Aeneas, the protagonist of The Aeneid , who was destined to found Rome but
— there is one in every undergraduate residential hall — for every paper
I turned in. My papers were always written days before they were due. I lingered after classes to question professors. My classmates lent me their notes so I could learn the skill of note-taking in English.
By the time I missed home so much that soup dumpli ngs and saut
ed eels popped up in my head as I read,
Nietzsche had replaced Plato on the chronological reading list and Flaubert Homer. And every paper of mine came back with an A.
Un it 1
脱离电网的生活：一家城市居民如何发现了简单生活
艾莉森佐谢尔
1. 在内华达州的不眠之城拉斯维加斯生活了将近十年之后，我和我的家人决定放慢生活节 奏。女儿想要一匹马， 我的丈夫想要一块地产， 儿子想要一辆越野轻型摩托车， 人更加自给自足。
2. 我们都感到这个梦想在我们居住的这个城市里不可能实现。大家一致认为，搬到乡下去对谁都 是最好的。 3. 很快，我们便着手在亚利桑那州的尤卡，这个不满千人的小镇寻找房子。 房地产经纪人提供的在售房屋清单时得知这个地方的。
我是在浏览我们的
我想要一家
那儿有一处占地40英亩的房产在出
什么？不通电？我差点立刻打
售。我打电话去询问这处房产时，人家告诉我那个地区不通电。 消在那里购房的念头。
4. 这处房产不接电网， 一切公用服务事业都没有 ——电、水、下水道。 电由风力涡轮机和太阳 能电池板提供， 水得靠人力拉进来，储存在房里的两个贮水箱里。 场地饲养动物，也给我的丈夫和儿子足够地方驾驶他们的全地形车。
40英亩的地给我们充裕的 还有什么地方比这里更能
够做到自给自足呢？ 考虑一番后，我们决定出价购买，并在感恩节那天搬了进去。 5?刚搬进来时，我们住在房车里，给房屋做了一些改建。
当时，我们遇到了真正的挑战。
电老
是断，通向房屋的主水管破裂，水管堵塞，水流到前院，发电机也停转了。 6.但是，这些挫折促使我们更加卖力地干活。
慢慢地，我们把东西一一修好。在房车里住了 38
天后，我们搬进了新家。接下来的挑战是逐步熟悉供电系统，了解自己拉水、自己发电的方方 面面。 7?我们的不连网发电系统由 8个安装在太阳跟踪架上的太阳能电池板
（1,000瓦）组成。此外，我
们还有一个在风速达到每小时 24英里时能发3,000瓦电的风力涡轮机。风能和太阳能发的电 存储在16个6伏特的高尔夫球车电池中。
我们还有两个蓄水量为 2,500加仑的地上贮水箱和
一个储量为250加仑的丙烷储气罐。 每个周末，我们把两个 275加仑的水箱拉到附近的尤卡 镇，给它们加满水，再用泵把水抽入两个大的贮水箱中。
8. 过去的四个月我们在这里生活，尽管经历了巨大的调整，却也得到了脱离电网生活的诸多好 处。我想，其中最大的一个好处在于教育孩子节约的重要性。 煤气是理所当然的事。 搬来的第一周，我们用掉将近 加仑。不久，他们便懂得我们必须少用水。 牙或剃须时关掉水龙头。
9. 过度消费在电的使用中表现得尤为明显。
我们有一个数字读表器，它能显示在任何时刻电池
为了保护电池，系统设置在电
几次断电
以往，他们认为有水、有电、有
1,000加仑的水，而水箱只能贮存5,000
于是，我们加快淋浴速度，洗衣机不满不洗衣，刷
中储存有多少伏特的直流电。 打开电灯或电视，数值就会下降。
压过低的情况下关闭变流器， 然后断电。 我们刚搬进来的时候，家里几乎天天断电。 之后，你便很快明白你过去经常浪费电。
从电灯、吊扇到电脑、收音机，不用的时候都开
所有这一切都消耗着不该消耗的电。
着。即便不在充电，手机的充电器也插在插座上。 渐学会勤于省电。
我们渐
10. 此外，我们还试图在其他方面做出改变， 包括通过再循环利用和堆制肥料来减少垃圾，自己 种植有机蔬菜，对平日里打算丢弃的物品再利用或派作其他用途。 生蛋、养羊产奶。 11. 益。
以及对地球每一天赐予我们的一切真正感恩。 脱离电网生活期间养成的习惯。
总体上讲，脱离电网的生活对我们一家人大有裨我们从中学会了怎样节约用电、用水，
我希望孩子们将来搬出去住时，仍能保持他们在
我们还想在不久的将来养鸡
Unit 3
为什么友谊会终结？
艾利森亨特
友谊内在的唯一危险是：友谊将会终结
—亨利大卫梭罗
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