专题五 阅读理解
一、近三年考点分布
年份 语篇 体裁 话题 A 应用文 介绍四个预计会很受中国游客青睐的太平洋岛国各自的特色 B 说明文 介绍一种新的锻炼方式——水中运动及它的好处 2019 C 记叙文 讲述玛吉·多依纳的慈善事迹 D 说明文 寻找解决世界水资源短缺问题的方法 E 说明文 介绍小孩子是如何学会走路的以及其中蕴含的哲理 分值 8 8 8 10 6 8 8 8 A 说明文 介绍中国古代比较流行的四款儿童游戏 B 说明文 介绍几个国家不同的面试习惯和注意事项 2018 C 说明文 介绍英国人喜欢庭前花园园艺种植的历史由来 D 说明文 介绍未来智能化城市的生活场景以及未来城市生活智能化的必要性 10 E 记叙文 讲述作者上学时的一次写作经历及其中所包含的哲理 6 8 8 8 10 6 A 说明文 介绍茶文化 B 诗歌 爱和家庭 2017 C 应用文 使用智能手机的三大建议 D 记叙文 讲述Kaitlin Riffel的慈善故事 E 记叙文 讲述关于两只桶的寓言故事
二、题型特点
阅读理解着重考查考生对各种题材和体裁的书面材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力,在理解信息的基础上,考生还要能够对信息加以判断、归纳和综合。此题型要求考生能够读懂较熟悉的日常生活话题方面的文字材料,如海报、广告等,以及书刊中的短文材料。
分析上表可知,安徽近三年的阅读理解体裁主要为记叙文和说明文。阅读材料的话题多样,有科普知识、生活常识、哲理故事、文化风俗、人物故事等。近两年说明文的篇数有增加的趋势,同时话题更加多样。总的来说,阅读材料均贴近考生生活,有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节理解题为主,推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题等为辅。
阅读理解最后一篇为任务型阅读题,设有3个小题,要求考生根据短文内容回答问题。此类阅读理解除了考查考生准确获得语言信息的能力外,更多的是测试考生综合运用英语的能力。做本篇阅读理解时要注意以下几点:根据不同问题采用不同的应答方式;句子开头首字母应大写;句末的标点符号;句子的主谓语成分和时态;每题答案的词数要求等。
要高效地完成阅读理解题,必须分清类型,对症下药,还要运用一定的解题技巧,这样才能获得高分。常见的一些解题技巧如下: 1.通读全文,了解文章大意。
通读材料,了解短文大意,获取关键的信息,才能对问题做出正确的判断。抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句,获取文章的主旨大意。 2.读问题,带着问题找答案。
考生可先读题目,把握问题的含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与问题相关的关键词,然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落,依据短文内容对试题所给出的选项进行正误判断。 3.再读文章,检查答案正确性。
完成答题后最好将短文再读一遍,加深对短文的理解,再对每一道题进行复查,特别是一些不确定的答案。
典例1 (2019·安徽)
Like many high school graduates,Maggie Doyne didn’t go straight to college.She decided to travel and arrived in western Nepal in 2006.A war had just ended there and left many children living on the streets.They were often forced to work at hard physical jobs for little money.
One day,while walking down a country road,Doyne saw a little girl breaking up rocks.She soon learned that 7-year-old Hima sold the rocks to support her family.With deep sadness,she decided to pay Hima’s tuition(学费) for school.Encouraged by the changes in the child,Doyne thought,“If we can help one child,why not 10?”
Doyne felt that the street children’s greatest need was a home.She found a piece of land for sale and bought it with $5,000 she saved from years of babysitting(当临时保姆).In 2008 the Kopila Valley Children’s Home was set up.With the help from the community,another goal was reached in 2010—the Kopila Valley School.Over 350 children now attend the school and over 50 live in the home.
Today,Doyne lives in the home and is “mom” to the kids.
( )79.When did Maggie Doyne travel to western Nepal? A.In 2006.
B.In 2007.
C.In 2008.
D.In 2010.
( )80.Why did Hima break up the rocks? A.To do physical exercise. C.To get money for her family.
B.To build a new school. D.To repair the country road.
( )81.What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A.The street children once worked as babysitters. B.Doyne got some support from the community. C.Doyne borrowed much money from the government. D.Over 5,000 children attend the Kopila Valley School.
( )82.Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A.Maggie Doyne—A Lonely Traveler B.War in Western Nepal C.Maggie Doyne—Mom to More Than 50
D.A Girl Lived on Her Own
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。玛吉·多依纳高中毕业后决定去旅行,并于2006年抵达尼泊尔西部,在那里她看到许多孤儿悲惨的生活,她决定帮助他们,并用自己的积蓄为这些孤儿们建立了属于他们自己的家。 79.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“She decided to travel and arrived in western Nepal in 2006.”可知,玛吉·多依纳于2006年抵达尼泊尔西部。
80.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“She soon learned that 7-year-old Hima sold the rocks to support her family.”可知,希玛卖岩石是为了养家糊口。
81.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With the help from the community...”可知,多依纳得到了社区的支持。
82.C 【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知,玛吉·多依纳看到尼泊尔西部许多孤儿悲惨的生活后,决定帮助他们,她用自己的积蓄为这些孤儿们建立了属于他们自己的家。她也是这些孩子们的“妈妈”。C项为最佳标题。
命题点1 细节理解题 这类试题是针对文章中的细节而设置的,可能只考查某一个特定的细节,也可能涉及若干个细节,考查内容一般是文章的主要事实或图表、图形信息等。要求考生根据对短文的理解,直接选择正确答案。这类题难度较小,属于浅层理解题,一般考生在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据。考生做题时可利用题干中的关键词(数字、大写、人名、地名等),在文中寻找对应词或句,在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中把答案标注出来。 命题点2 推理判断题 此类题要求考生根据原文给出的信息进行推理与判断,一般在文中找不到获得答案的原句。解决此类题要注意:与原文相同的细节不能选;文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章进行推断;根据作者的态度进行推理。做这类题具体可以从这几个方面着手:(1)要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,忠实于原文,由已知推及未知,遵循“词不离句,句不离段,段不离篇”的原则;(2)考生在吃透文章字面意思的基础上,再从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索;(3)了解文章的体裁、题材和基调,揣摩作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展方向,悟出作者的言外之意;(4)要把握句与句、句与段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构等。 命题点3 标题归纳题 此类题考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的理解和归纳能力。考生做题时需注意:(1)以原文为依据,不掺杂个人意见;(2)不选对的,只选最适合本篇文章的;(3)注意绝对化的词;(4)答案要避免以点带面,以偏概全;(5)遵循“傻瓜”原则,即文章中没有提到的就当作不知道,不要妄自猜测,一切以文章内容为准。 典例2 (2019·安徽)
The world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day.Water is a human right and everyone should have their share.Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean,safe water.
Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us.And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all,and it is running into oceans.But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.
While 75% of our planet is covered with water,only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers,lakes,ice and snow.The rest,98% of the water,is in seas and oceans.It is too salty to drink.Then desalination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world,mostly in coastal countries.They process(加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day.But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.
Scientists are working to create a less costly technology.They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough.But for now,the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.
( )83.How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world? A.Under 10 million. B.Only 19 million. C.About 92 million. D.Over 700 million.
( )84.Treating wastewater helps the environment by . A.storing waste in ice and snow
B.letting waste run into oceans
D.sending waste to coastal countries
C.keeping waste out of rivers and oceans
( )85.What does the underlined word “desalination” in Paragraph 3 mean? A.远洋运输
B.潮汐发电
C.食盐销售
D.海水淡化
( )86.At present,the technology to process water . A.needs much energy B.saves much money
安徽省2020届中考英语大三轮复习题型突破专题五 阅读理解
