定语从句（2.1）
【学习目标】
1. 理解定语从句和非限定性定语从句 2. 能准确选出定语从句中的关系词
3. 理解只能用that引导定语从句的情况和不用that 引导定语从句的情况 【解题方法】
定语从句解题四步：第一步,找出先行词； 第二步,找出定语从句 第三步,看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（主语、宾语…）第四步,选择合适的关系词。【自主学习】
1. 何谓定语从句：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 如： 1. The man who lives next to us is a policeman . 2. You must do everything that I do .
3. The man with whom I travelled couldn’t speak English .
上面的句子中man，和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词之后。
2.引导定语从句的关系词 1.关系代词:
指人： who，whom（宾格），that, whose(所有格，表示某人的…)， 指物：that，which，whose(所有格,表示某物的…)
例句：A plane is a machine that can fly .（主语）The noodles（that）I cooked were nice .（宾语）Who is the man that is reading over there ?（主语）The girl（that） we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister .（宾语）
指 物 （1）The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well .（作主语） （2）The songs( which )the Beatles sang were very popular （作宾语） 2.由关系代词引导的定语从句
大多数定语从句都对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“…的人或事物”例如： ① The man who told me this refused to tell me his name . 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。
②He is the man whose car was stolen . 他就是汽车被盗的人。 Exercises:
1. The girl ___________ is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl ______________ our teacher is talking with is her daughter.
3. The girl ______ mother/_________ is from Britain can speak English very well.
4. I can’t find the book __________ is borrowed from the library. 5. I can’t find the book _________ you lent to me.
3.由关系副词 when , where , why引导的定语从句。 关系副词when（时间）、
where（地点）、why（原因）Exercises: 1. I’ll never forget the day _____ I joined the army. 2. I won’t forget the factory _______ my father worked. 3. Tell me the reason ______ you came here late. 4. It was raining on the day ________ they met.
Compare:
1. A. It rained the whole day ______ he traveled with his family. B. I’ll always remember the day _______ we spent together.
C. The moment _________ Mary will never forget is when she saw the famous footballer. 2. A. Shanghai is the place ______ he was born.
B. Shanghai is the place _______ I want to visit very much.
C. Shanghai is the place _________ is called “The Pearl of the East” 3. A. This is the reason _______ my parents got home earlier.
B. This is the reason _______ he explained to the teacher.
C. Give me a reason _________ is different from the one you gave me last time.
4.关系副词等于一个适当的介词+which,在从句中作状语
when = in/at/on?+which where= in/at/on?+which why = for?+which 例如： 1. Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together?
2. This is the factory where (in which) my father once worked. 3. This is the reason why (for which) he was late for school.
5.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
指人：介词 + whom 指物：介词 + which 例如：
The money with which you are going to buy dog food is gone. ② We thought you were a person from whom we could learn a lot. 6. 非限制性定语从句
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，以上称为限制性的定语从句 （non-defining attributive clauses）。还有一种叫非限制性定语从句。 这种从句，对所修饰的名词没有限制意义的作用，而只补充一点情况，与主句关系不紧密，把它们拿掉，主句照样成立。它们和所修饰的名词之间常加一个逗号，译成汉语时另起一个句子，仿佛是并列句。只有who, whom, whose和which等关系代词能引起这类从句（that不能）。例如：
① I have invited Diana, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了戴安娜， 她住在我们隔壁。
② Mr. Green, for whom I was working, was very generous.
我给格林先生工作，他很慷慨大方。
③ Mrs. Gray, whose children are in college, is trying to get a job. 格雷太太的孩子们都在上大学，她想找一份工作。
④ She gave me this sweater, which she had knitted herself. 她给我这件毛衣，这是她自己织的。 7.定语从句需要注意的几个问题
一、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。
A 先行词是all ,everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none, few, one等不定代词时，引导定语从句用that 。 All ______ can be done has been done.
Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand? There is little _______ can be believed about it. The book doesn’t say much ________ amuses children.
B 先行词是形容词、序数词或被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen. This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum. Do the best ______ you can do.
C 先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me. No sample ________ we nave received is satisfactory.
Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject. He is the only person _________ was present at the time.
D 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .
The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
A victim is a person, animal or thing ________ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
E Who和Which做先行词时，引导定语从句用that, 为了避免重
复 。 Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better? Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow? Which is the dictionary ______I used yesterday? Who is the boy _____was here just now?
F 当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that.
The village is no longer the one ______ it used to be. He is no longer the boy ______ he used to be.
Jack is now not the lazy boy _____he was last year.
二、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况
A 在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。
He made the same mistakes again , _____ made his parents very angry. Yesterday I bought a dictionary, _______ cost me more than 100 yuan . Mr Smith, _______ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.
My uncle has come back from abroad, ________ I haven’t met for along time. B.在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。
Her bag, in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen. This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.
Xiao Wang, with ________ I went to the concert, enjoys it very much. I don’t know the man to ______ my father is talking. 改错
1.They talk of things and persons who they remembered in the school. 2.That’s the child which drawing we looked at just now. 3.I have read the book you gave it to me.
4.Those which want to go there with me please sign your name here. 5.All what we have to do is to practice reading it every day. 6.I will treasure the chance is given to me.
7.He works in a company that boss is from Australia. 8.Is this the factory that you worked for 5 years. 9.I don’t believe the reason why he explained to me. 10.Anyone that breaks the rule will be punished.
11.I need a true friend with who I can share my happiness and sorrow. 12.This is the very book which I have been looking for.
高三英语一轮复习语法专题---定语从句复习2.1(无答案)
