declare指正式负责地宣布,声明,通常用于庄重的场合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。) 31.annoy, bother, trouble, disturb
annoy指外界的干扰令人讨厌或无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。 bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?
disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。如:I am sorry to disturb you. 32.answer, reply, respond
用作动词,都可表“回答”,“答复”。
answer是常用词,后可接letter(回信),question(回答问题),doorbell(开门),telephone(接电话),advertisement(应征广告)等。
reply较正式,一般只作不及物动词,可与to连用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的问题。)
respond作“回答”解,用得较少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了问题。)
另外,respond还可表“对……反应”,“响应”。 33. appreciate, enjoy
appreciate指对事物有深刻的理解能力并能鉴赏。
enjoy是一般用语,仅指感官或智力上的满足,“享受”的意味较强。 34. approve, prove
approve(1)赞成,同意。如:I don’t approve of wasting time.(我不
赞成浪费时间。)
(2)批准,通过。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部长批准了建筑计划。
prove和approve词形相似,prove是“证明”,“表明是”等。 35. argue, debate, dispute
argue着重“说理”,“论证”,“企图说明”,且后可接that引导的从句。
debate着重双方各自陈述理由,尤其是“公开地”、“正式地”辩论。如:The subject was hotly debated.
dispute着重就分歧进行热烈的“争论”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解决”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses. 36. arise, rise, raise
arise表无形的东西(如困难,问题等)“出现”,“发生”。
rise指具体事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物动词。如:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东边升起。)
raise为及物动词,“使……上升”,“举起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他举了手。)
37. assure, ensure, insure
assure以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定会发生,后需连用人称代词或指人的名词作宾语。
ensure表普通的“保证”。
insure表“保险”,有时同ensure可以换用。
38. awake, wake, waken 都可作动词。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。 wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。
waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。 39. await, wait
await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate. 40. award, prize, reward
award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。 award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。 41. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具体事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意见缺乏现实基础。) 42. beat, win
beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。
Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。)
43. beneath, below, under
beneath表示同表面接触,与on 相对。Below表示“在下面,低于”,与above相对。
under表示“在……正下方”与over相对。 44. beside, besides
beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one. 45. big, great, large
big强调体积,质量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意义,指重大的事件或行为。如:a big mistake
great带感情色彩,多指程度和质量,指具体事物或人时,表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great man
large多指面积,数目或数量大。如:a large population, a large number等。
46. bloom, blossom
bloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如:The roses are blooming.
blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如:The apple trees are blossoming. 47. borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment? lend把……借给。如:Can you lend me your bike? 48. bring, take
bring带来。如:Bring me some water, please.
take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her? 49. calculate, compute, estimate
calculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂,难度较大的精确计算。如:You can’t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy. compute常指比较简单的运算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.
estimate估计,常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year’s rainfall. 50. cheat, deceive, trick
cheat欺骗,常用词,主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。
deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.
trick哄骗,表示耍手段进行欺骗,强调在行骗时使用计策,有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval. 51. childish, childlike
childish幼稚的。如:It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face. 52. choose, pick, select, elect choose是一常用词,表一般的“选择”。
pick通常用于不需要认真权衡,对比就能做出决定。
成人本科学士学位英语语法集锦
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