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《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语
Introduction: Grammatical Hierarchy (导论—语法层次)
1. Morpheme
词素
Free morpheme 自由词素
Bound morpheme 粘附词素 Allomorph 词素变体
2. Parts of speech (word class)
Simple words 简单词
Derivatives 派生词
Compounds 复合词
*(1) Classification in terms of word formation
Words 词 Noun Verb Open-class words (content words) Adjective 开放词类（实义词） Adverb
Preposition Pronoun Closed-class words (function words) Determiner 封闭词类（功能词） Conjunction Auxiliary
Numerals Intermediate class Interjection (中间词类)
* (2) Classification in terms of grammatical function
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Adjective phrase 3. Phrases
Adverb phrase 词组
Preposition phrase
Conjunction
（1） Independent clause & Subordinate clause
独立分句和从属分句
（2） Simple clause & Complex clause (*complex sentence)
简单分句和复杂分句（*复杂句） 4. Clause
（3） Main clause & Subordinate clause 分句
主句和从句
（4） Finite clause，non-finite clause and Verbless clause
限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句
(1) Full sentence &Minor sentence 完全句和不完全句
(2) Simple sentence, Compound sentence, Complex sentence & Compound 5. Sentence
complex sentence 简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句 句子
(3) Declarative sentence, imperative sentence, interrogative sentence,
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Lecture 1 Sentence Structure（L1）
Sentence elements:
S (subject) V (predicate verb) O (object) C (complement) A (Adverbial) 主语 谓语动词 宾语 补足语 状语
1. Two ways of sentence analysis 1) SVO
Sentence
Clause NP VP NP Subject Predicate verb Object
All the man have done their best. Sentence = Subject + Predicate (Predicate Verb + Object, Complement, Adverbial, etc.) ? 句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。 2) Subject + Predicate (= operator + predication)
Sentence
Clause
Subject Predicate
Operator Predication
All the man have done their best.
? 句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（operator）和述谓成分（predication）。 2. Basic clause types
SVC, SV, SVA, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SVoO
Lecture 2 Subject-Verb Concord （L2-3）
Guiding principles:
Grammatical Concord Notional Concord Principle of Proximity 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近原则
Nominal clause Non-finite clause Relative clause Cleft sentence 名词性分句 非限定分句 关系分句 分裂句
Existential clause 存在句
Lecture 3 Noun and Noun Phrase（L4-5）
1. Classification of nouns
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Partitive (Unit Noun) 单位词 2. Cases of Nouns
Nominative case / Subjective case（主格）
Accusative case / Objective case（宾格 ）
Genitive case（属格 ）/ Possessive case（所有格） Dative case （受事格/与格） Independent Genitive Genitive case
Double Genitive
Genitive cases specifying the reference of the noun phrase. Specific reference (特指)
Generic reference（类指） Indefinite genitive phrase（非确定特指）
Lecture 4 Determiner（L6-7）
1. Definition
Determiners are function words which are used to determine or fix the reference of a noun.
2. Classification
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