own削减
1.He tried to cut down on smoking but failed. 他试图少抽烟,但没成功。 2.缩短
Cut down the article so as to make it fit the space available on the paper. 把文章缩短一些,这样就能排进报纸有限的版面中。 砍倒 3.cut off 切除
He had a finger cut off by a machine while working. 他在工作时After a month their food supplies gave out. 一个月以后他们的食物贮备消耗殆尽。
Her patience finally gave out. 她最终忍无可忍了。 to stop working 停止运行；停止运转
One of the plane's engines gave out in mid-Atlantic. 飞机飞到大西洋中部时一个发动机失灵了。
Her legs gave out and she collapsed. 她腿一软倒了下去。 go against违背
She went against her father. 她违背她父亲。 不利于
set Synonym
if food or drink will/will not go down, it is difficult/easy to swallow （将食物、饮料）吞下，咽下，喝下
A glass of wine would go down very nicely(= I would very much like one). 喝一杯葡萄酒就太痛快了。
if the price of something, the temperature, etc.goes down, it becomes lower （物价等）下跌；（温度等）下降 See also: fall Synonym
The price of oil is going down. 油价正在下跌。 被机器切掉了一个手指。 4.切断;中断
I was cut off on my line to London. 我打伦敦长途时,电话线被切断了。 5.使死亡
He was cut off in his prime. 他在壮年时过世。 cut out
if a motor or an engine cuts out, it suddenly stops working （马达或发动机）突然熄火，停止运转 get out
to become known 泄露；被人知道
If this gets out there'll be trouble. 这事要是被人知道就麻烦了 get up
to stand up after sitting, kneeling, etc. 起身；站起；起来 See also: rise Synonym
The class got up when the teacher came in. 老师进来时全班起立。
if the sea or wind gets up, it increases in strength and becomes violent （海浪、风等）增强，变猛烈 give in 让步
He has given in to my views. 他已让步,接受了我的看法。 呈交
Please give in your examination papers now. 现在请交上试卷。 give off
发散
The food gave off a bad smell. 食物已经发臭了
give out
to come to an end; to be completely used up 用完；耗尽
The war is going against us. 战争的局势对我们不利。 go all out全力以赴Our basketball team went all-out to win the championship game. But so did the other team, and they beat us by two points.\
This time the other party is going all-out to win -- they're spending twice as much money as we can on radio and TV commercials.\
这位政治家说：“这一次，跟我们对立的政党正在全力以赴地争取在选举中获胜，他们在电台和电视上做广告化的钱比我们能化的要多两倍。” go behind 寻究
He went behind her words. 他推敲她话中的含义。 Go behind a decision 对一个决定作进一步研究
.It is settled and therefore we cannot go behind it 此事已成定局，我们不能再去斟酌它了。
I thought I could trust you to discuss our problems frankly, and not to go behind my back complaining to the manager. 我原为以你会担率地谈谈我们间的问题，不会背着我在经理面前说我坏话的。 go down
to fall to the ground 倒下；落下；倒在地上
She tripped and went down with a bump. 她绊了一下，重重地倒在地上。
if a ship, etc.goes down, it disappears below the water （船等）下沉，沉没
See also:
sink Synonym
when the sun or moon goes down, it disappears below the
horizon （日、月）落到地平线下，落下 See also:
Oil is going down in price. 石油正在跌价。 See also: go up Antonym
to get worse in quality （质量）下降 informal
The neighbourhood has gone down a lot recently. 近来这一带地方已远不如从前了。
to stop working temporarily 暂停作业；暂停运行 computing The system is going down in ten minutes. 这个系统十分钟后要暂停运行。 go in for 参加
I am going in for an entrance examination next year. 我明年参加入学考试。 喜欢
Henry went in for swimming. 亨利喜欢游泳。 go off
to leave a place, especially in order to do something 离开（尤指去做某事）
She went off to get a drink. 她拿饮料去了。 to be fired; to explode 开火；爆炸 The gun went off by accident. 枪走火了。
The bomb went off in a crowded street. 炸弹在挤满人群的大街上爆炸了。
if an alarm, etc.goes off, it makes a sudden loud noise （警报器等）突然发出巨响
if a light, the electricity, etc.goes off, it stops working （电灯）熄灭；（电）中断；停止运行
Suddenly the lights went off. 灯突然熄灭了。 The heating goes off at night. 暖气夜间停止供热。 See also:
to fall asleep 入睡；睡着 British English informal 1
Hasn't the baby gone off yet? 孩子还没睡着吗？
if food or drink goes off, it becomes bad and not fit to eat or drink （食物、饮料）变质，变坏 British English to get worse in quality （质量）下降 British English Her books have gone off in recent years. 她近年写的书质量下降了。 go on
when a performer goes on, they begin their performance （演员）上场，出场
in sport 体育运动 to join a team as a substitute during a game She goes out a lot. 她经常外出参加社交活动。
when the tide goes out, it moves away from the land 退潮；落潮 See also:
ebb Synonym; come in Antonym to be sent 送出；发出；派出
Have the invitations gone out yet? 请柬发出去了吗？ when a radio or television programme goes out, it is broadcast （广播或电视节目）播放，播出 British English
Please hear me out! 请听我说完!
The boy had nothing on. 那小男孩什么也没穿。 已安排要做
He has nothing on this evening. 今晚他没事。 hear about 得知
I've just heard about his illness. 我刚听说他生病的事。 hear out 听完
（比赛中）以替补队员身分上场
Cole went on in place of Beckham just before half-time. 就在上半场结束前科尔上场替换了贝克汉姆。
when a light, the electricity, etc.goes on, it starts to work （灯）亮；通（电）；开始运行 See also: go off Antonym
of time 时间 to pass 流逝；过去
She became more and more talkative as the evening went on. 夜渐深，她的话越来越多。
to happen 发生
What's going on here? 这儿出了什么事？ Alternate:
be going on usually
if a situation goes on, it continues without changing （情况、形势）继续下去，持续
This cannot be allowed to go on. 决不允许这种情况继续下去。 How much longer will this hot weather go on for? 这样炎热的天气还会持续多久？
We can't go on like this─we seem to be always arguing. 我们不能这样继续下去 我们似乎老是争吵不休。
to continue speaking, after a short pause （短暂停顿后）继续说
She hesitated for a moment and then went on. 她犹豫了一会儿，然后继续往下说。
used to encourage somebody to do something （用于鼓励）来吧
Go on! Have another drink! 来吧！再喝一杯！
Go on─jump! 来呀 跳吧！
go out
to leave your house to go to a social event 出门参加社交活动；外出交际；外出娱乐
when news or information goes out, it is announced or published （新闻或消息）发布，公布，发表
Word went out that the director had resigned. 传说局长已经辞职。
if a fire or light goes out, it stops burning or shining （火或灯光）熄灭 go over 受欢迎
His speech went over well. 他的演讲很受欢迎。 察看
We went over several houses, but haven't bought one yet. 我们
看了几栋房子,但尚未买成。 重温
He went over the article again. 他把文章从头至尾又读了一遍。 go around 四处走动
He went around alone. 他独自走来走去。
探望
I'm going round to my mother's at the weekend. 周末我要去看望我母亲。
足够分配
There are not enough chairs to go round. 椅子不够分配。 Go down on yow knees and give thanks for your safety. 你跪下祈祷，感谢上帝保佑你平安无事。 May I have a word with June? 我可以和琼讲几句话吗？
have on
欺骗;戏弄
He was having you on, and you believed him. 他在骗你,而你竟
相信了他。 穿着 hold back 抑制
Jim was able to hold back his anger. 吉姆抑制住了愤怒。 阻碍
He was held back from further promotion. 他没得到进一步的升级。 退缩
When danger came, no one held back. 危险降临时,无人退缩。 隐瞒
Don't hold anything back. 别隐瞒什么。 hold down 保有(工作等)
Jim has not held down a job for more than a year. 没有一份工作吉姆能保住一年。 抑制;压制
We must hold down prices. 我们必须控制物价。
hold on
used to tell somebody to wait or stop 等着；停住 spoken Hold on a minute while I get my breath back. 稍等一下，让我喘口气。
Hold on! This isn't the right road. 等一下！这条路不对。 to survive in a difficult or dangerous situation （在困境或危险中）坚持住，挺住 keep off
.Danger! Keep off! keep up with 和...保持联系
She has kept up with some of her friends since her retirement. 她退休后一直同一些朋友保持着联系。 keep one's word 遵守诺言
2
I kept my word to her. 我对她守信。 Know from区分 I know right from wrong. 我能辨别是非 Look back回想，回顾 never look back look on
to watch something without becoming involved in it yourself 旁观
Passers-by simply looked on as he was attacked. 他遭人袭击，Next time you are in Beijing, look me up. 你下次来北京时, 来找我。 4.查找
Please look up a fast train to Leeds. 请查一下去利兹的快车。
When all the facts have been looked up, pass them on to me. 查对了所有的事实之后, 把它们传给我 Pass away
1.(时间等)消磨掉, 过去
The story is passed on from generation to generation in the village.
这故事在村民中世代相传。 4.去世
He passed on in his sleep. 他在睡眠中死去 pay a visit to 参观;访问
Let's pay a visit to the exhibition this weekend. 我们这个周末去参观展览会吧!
路人只在一边袖手旁观。
Look through
1.仔细检查〔审查〕(某物)
I'll look your suggestion through before passing it to the committee.
我要先审查一下你的建议然后再送交委员会。 2.对(某人)视而不见
I said good morning but she looked me straight through and walked on.
我对她道了声早安, 可她却视而不见径直走了过去。 3.穿过…看
I looked through a telescope. 我用望远镜看东西。 4.看穿〔识破〕(某人或某事)
I have looked through the man; he hasn't any real learning. 我已看透那个人了, 他没有一点真才实学。
Every time I try to fool him, he looks through my tricks. 我每次企图愚弄他都被他识破了。 5.粗略地翻阅; 细审…
He looks through several newspapers before breakfast. 他早饭前通常浏览几份报纸。 Look up
1.向上看; 抬头看 Don't look up. 不要向上看。
2.生意、某人的情况等 好转；改善 Business is looking up. 商业日趋繁荣。 3.拜访(某人)
Forty years have passed away since they met.
他们相识至今已40年了。
Conversation with friends soon passed an evening away.
与友人闲聊, 一个晚上很快就消磨掉了。
2.去世
He passed away peacefully. 他安详地去世了。 3.终止; 停止
The storm should pass away before dark. 天黑以前风暴会停止的。 All this trouble will pass away. 这一切困难都将结束。 pass down 传下来
The tradition has been passed down for hundreds of years. 这一传统已传了几百年。 Pass on
1.前进; 继续下去
He stopped for a moment, and then passed on. 他停了一会儿, 又向前走去。 Let's pass on to the next subject now. 现在让我们来继续讨论下一个议题。 2.对…发表(意见); 作(判断)
The judges passed on each contestant. 裁判员对每一位参赛者加以品评。
I can't pass an opinion on your works without seeing it. 我没有看到你的作品, 不能发表意见。 3.传递; 传授
Would you please pass the dictionary on to Mary? 请你把这本词典传给玛丽, 行吗?
pay back [?peib?k] DJ [?peb?k] KK
报答;偿还
How can we pay you back for your great help? 我们要怎么才能报答你的恩惠呢? Pay off
1.使得益; 有报偿
The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.
这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
John studied hard before the examination, and it paid off.He made an A.
约翰在考试前努力学习, 这没有白费, 他得了个A。 2.付清, 还清
You must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one. 你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。 All his debt was paid off with cash. 他所有的债务都是用现金付清的。 They are usually paid off at weekends. 他们一般在周末领工资。 3.(付清工资后)解雇
The boss paid off the employees. 老板付清雇工工资后解雇了他们。
The hired hands were paid off at the end of the harvest season. 收割一结束, 雇工们就被结清工钱解雇了。 4.〈非正〉对…进行报复
I'll pay him off for treating me like that. 他这样待我, 我早晚要报复的。
5.〈非正〉取得成功;成功；奏效；达到目的 Did your daring plan pay off?
3
你那项大胆的计划成功了吗? Pick up
1.拾起, 捡起; 抬起
He picked up the child and put her on his shoulders. 他抱起孩子, 让她骑在自己的肩膀上。 I picked up your book by mistake. 我拿错了你的书。
I would have picked it up if I had noticed it. 我如果看见的话, 我早就把它拣起来了。 农民们在田里翻地。
The man was picking up the ground very hard. 那个人正在使劲地挖地。
The frozen ground will have to be picked up by hand before machine digging can begin.
这冻土必须挖过后才能用掘土机掘土。 7.染上
He must have picked up a cold—he's begun to snuffle. 他开始鼻塞, 一定是感冒了。 labour were picked up within 24 hours.
从劳改场所逃走的囚犯在24小时之内被捉到了。 14.(病后)恢复健康、体力等；好转 This tonic should pick you up . 这种补药会增强你的体质。
15.中断后重新开始(活动、叙述等)；重新开始
The engine coughed for a few minutes,and then picked up. 发动机嘭嘭地响了几分钟，然后又重新开动了。
16.(在广播、电视里)收听、收看到；(用雷达、探照灯等)看到，2.安排接取; 使搭乘; 搭救
The ship calls at each port on this coast to pick up passengers and mail.
那艘轮船在沿海每个港口停下, 搭载乘客和接取邮件。 Please wait at the school gate. John will pick you up there. 请在校门口等候, 约翰会到那里接你。
The shipwrecked sailors were picked up by a passing boat. 一艘过路的船只搭救了遭受船难的水手。 3.爬〔站〕起来; 振作起来 His spirits picked up. 他的精神振奋起来了。
Pick yourself up and brush yourself down.
自己爬起来, 把衣服掸干净。
It's hard to pick yourself up after such a terrible shock.
经历这样可怕的打击后, 就很难再振奋起来了。 4.使增加〔加快〕
The car began to pick up the moment the vehicle got onto the motorway.
一开上高速公路, 车子的速度就加快了。
The car picks up speed with just a touch of the accelerator.
这辆车只要你一触加速器就会加速。 5.收拾东西〔屋子〕
Children, it's time to pick up and have supper. 孩子们, 该收拾吃晚饭了。
Pick up your room before you go out, please. 请在离开之前整理好房间。
The room must be picked up before the guests arrive. 这个房间在客人到达之前必须收拾出来。 6.掘, 挖
The peasants were picking up in the field.
8.捉住, 逮住
He was implicated in a murder, and sooner or later they would pick him up.
他和一宗凶杀案有牵连, 迟早他们会逮捕他的。 He is picked up on a charge of killing a man. 他因犯有杀人罪而被逮捕。 9.好转; 恢复
When is the weather going to pick up? It's been bad for weeks. 天气什么时候转好?几周来一直很糟糕。
Trade has been slack for the past six months, but it is now picking up.
在过去六个月中贸易一直不景气, 但现在状况正在好转。
He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital.
他自出院以来, 身体恢复得很慢。
The writer's personal appearance picked up the sales of the
book considerably.
那位作家亲自到场, 使那本书的销售量大增。
A bit of exercise will pick you up.
你稍微运动运动就会恢复健康的。
10.(跌倒后)使(自己)起来，再爬起来
11.(尤指偶然地、无意地、不费劲地)得到；偶然获得，偶然找到；
无意地学会(技术、语言、游戏等)；无师自通地学会；理解；懂得；意识到；注意到
She picks up a lot of imformation. 她偶然得到许多信息。
12.停下来把…带走；中途把…带走
Will you please pick up my parcel at the post office as you pass by?
请你路过邮局时把我的包裹带回来好吗?
13.把(某人)拘留起来；逮捕；捉到；拿获(罪犯等)
The prisoners who had missed from the place of reform through
偶然发现
17.收进或接受(账单)准备付款
It is the custom for the new wife's father to pick up the bill for the wedding.
由新娘的父亲承担婚礼的费用这是个惯例。
18. (偶然、随便地)结识、结交(尤指结交与之发生性关系的异性) He went home with a girl he'd picked up at a party. 他带着一个在宴会上结识的姑娘回家。 及物动词 vt. 1.通过实践学会
She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 她到法国居住后很快就学会了法语。
The children have picked up the local accent. 孩子们已经学会了当地的口音。 Turn back
1.(使)往回走
We'd better turn back; it's getting dark.
我们最好还是往回走吧, 天快黑了。
The police turned them back.
警察把他们赶回去了。 The wheel of history can never be turned back. 历史的车轮绝不能倒转。 2.翻起, 折转
Don't turn back the corners of the pages to mark your place. 别折书页的角来标明你读到的地方。 Turn down 1.减少; 关小
The housing sales have been turning down since the summer. 入夏以来, 房屋的销售量日趋减少。 If you are hot you can turn the heater down. 4
如果你觉得热, 你可以把暖气拧小。 The theatre lights were turned down. 舞台灯光暗淡下来。 2.拒绝
We have turned down four applicants already. 我们已拒绝了四位申请者。
His request for a rise was turned down. 他要求加薪, 被拒绝了。 Turn in 你特别爱听什么音乐?
I'm not turned on by modern pop music. 我对现代流行音乐不感兴趣。 3.发动 Turn off 1.(把…)关掉
The tap won't turn off and there is water all over the floor. 水龙头关不上, 满地都是水。 He turned off the water. 这家工厂生产了许多电视机。 3.结果是, 原来是
He said he was a doctor; but later he turned out to be a cheat. 他自称是个医生, 结果证明他是个骗子。 The day turned out (to be) a fine day. 那天倒是好天气。
It turned out that he was never there. 原来他根本没去过那儿。 4. 向外
1.上交, 呈交
Turn in your homework, please. 请把作业交上来。
Our papers have to be turned in one week before the examination.
我们的论文必须在考试前一周交上去。 2.归还, 退还
They turned in their old uniforms for the new ones. 他们交回旧制服, 以旧换新。
Tickets may be turned in at the box office. 可以在票房退票。 3.上床睡觉
It's late.I think I'll turn in. 很晚了, 我想我要睡了。 4.面向内，向内拐 Turn on
1.打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等） This tap is stiff; it won't turn on. 这个龙头太紧, 拧不开。
Please turn the light on for me; it's getting dark. 天要黑了, 请把灯给我打开。
You should light the gas as soon as it is turned on. 一扭开煤气管, 你就应该点燃煤气。 2.(使)感兴趣; (使)兴奋
Some of the students really turned on to these different courses.
一些学生真的很喜欢这些名目繁多的课程。 Many young people are taking drugs to turn on. 许多年轻人吸毒寻求刺激。 What kind of music turns you on?
他关上了水龙头。 2.拐弯；转入另一条路
The road to Watts turns off here. 去瓦茨的路从这里拐弯。
They turned off at the foot of a hill. 他们在山脚下拐弯了。 3.完成
I turned off a good piece of work this morning. 今天上午我完成了一件令人满意的工作。 4.不再听；不再想
Half the crowd turned off when the speaker began talking about pop music.
讲话人开始谈起流行音乐时, 一半听众兴味索然。 The boy often turns off his mother. 这孩子经常使他母亲烦恼。 5.解雇, 辞退
I have turned off my maid. 我已把女仆辞了。
She was turned off by her boss. 她被老板解雇了。 Turn out 1.关灯
Don't forget to turn out the light when you leave the classroom. 你离开教室时别忘了关灯。 2.制造; 培养
How many machines did you turn out last month? 上个月你们生产了多少台机器?
This university has turned out some first-rate scholars. 这所大学培养了一些第一流的学者。
Many TV sets have been turned out by this factory.
5.出席（某项活动）；在场 Turn over turn over 1.(使)翻转; 调转
Turn over or your back will get sunburnt. 翻过身去, 不然你的后背要被阳光灼伤的。 Having read Page 1, he turned over to page 2. 他读完第一页后, 就翻到第二页。
If you turn over a turtle on its back, it will become helpless. 假如你把海龟翻过来, 它就无能为力了。
The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting. 一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。 2.仔细考虑
He turned the new idea over in his mind. 他仔细地考虑了这种新想法。 3.移交; 交给
To whom should we turn over the key when we leave here? 在离开这里时, 我们把钥匙交给谁呢?
The customs officials turned the man over to the French police. 海关官员把那个人移交给了法国警察。
Luckily, my watch was turned over to the property office. 很幸运, 有人把我的表交到了失物招领处。 4. 变换（电视频道） Turn to 1.(使)转向 Turn to the right. 向右拐。
He turned his back to me. 他转过身去, 背对我。
5
动词短语及相关例句Phrasal Verb and 1.example sentence
