Standards for Piezoelectric Ceramic Materials
This document details some of the standards related activities for piezoelectric materials, mainly bulk ceramic types. Standards related purely to quartz have been omitted, in order to limit the size of the task.
The production of standards, particularly international ones, is a long and unrewarding business, and that they ever become standards is a tribute to the persistence of a small number of individuals. Consequently the existence or not of a standard in a particular area is not solely because of the need for such a standard, but is due to the concerted effort of these individuals. Also because of the need to keep documents current, if years after publication of a standard there is nobody prepared to maintain this document then there is a danger it will be withdrawn or cancelled. This situation is reflected in the piezoelectric materials standards area, where there are strong groups in Europe (CENELEC) and America (IEEE-UFFC), but some of the most quoted standards have recently been withdrawn ( IEEE 176-1987, IEEE 180-1986, MIL-STD 1376B (SH)).
Standards organisations with Piezoelectric related standards CENELEC
CENELEC is the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization and It has been officially recognised as the European Standards Organisation in its field by the European Commission in Directive 83/189/EEC.
A comprehensive series of piezoelectric standards are being developed for CENELEC under BTTF 63-2. There are two working groups in this committee and it is WG-2 that is producing standards related to piezoelectric materials, under the stewardship of Wanda Wolny. At the time of writing the first three are close to being approved by the various national committees. As with most standards within CENELEC there are English, French and German versions of these standards.
prEN 50324-1:2001 Piezoelectric properties of ceramic materials and components - Part 1: Definitions and Classifications
This standard relates to piezoelectric transducer ceramics for application both as transmitters and receivers in electroacoustics and ultrasonics over a wide frequency range. They are used for generation and transmission of acoustic signals, for achievement of ultrasonic effects, for transmission of signals in communication electronics, for sensors and actuators, and used for generation of high voltages in ignition devices.
Piezoelectric ceramics can be manufactured in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. Commonly used shapes include discs, rectangular plates, bars, tubes, cylinders and
大连交通大学信息工程学院2010届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译
hemispheres as well as bending elements (circular and rectangular), sandwiches and monolithic multilayers.
prEN 50324-2:2001 Piezoelectric properties of ceramic materials and components - Part 2: Methods of measurement and properties - Low power
The methods of measurement described in this specification are for use with piezoelectric components produced from the ceramic materials described in prEN 50324-1 \and elastic coefficients are generally applicable to piezoelectric ceramics.
The polycrystalline nature of ceramics, statistical fluctuations in composition and the influence of the manufacturing process, result in specified material coefficients being typical mean values. These values are provided for design information only.
Piezoelectric transducers can have widely differing shapes and may be employed in a range of vibrational modes. Material parameters however, are measured on simple test-pieces, (discs, rods) using specific geometric anmd electrical boundary conditions. Consequently, the results of the tests provide basic material parameters only and must be used as a guide to the actual properties of manufactured commercial components.
prEN 50324-3:2001 Piezoelectric properties of ceramic materials and components - Part 3: Methods of measurement - High power
This standard relates piezoelectric transducer ceramics for power application over a wide frequency range botha as electromechanical or mechanoelectrical converters.
This standard covers the large signal characterization of piezoelectric ceramics material only, and not the characterization of a complete assembled transducer.
The selection of a material for a given power application is difficult and the advice given in section 2 is mainly indicative.
prEN 50ZZZ-1 (BTTF 63-2(CONV)12) Properties of multilayer actuators - Part 1: Terms and definitions
This European Standard relates to the definitions for Multilayer actuators. Their applications have been widely increased in various field of industry :
mechanical engineering : tools positioning, clamps, active wedges, damping, active control, generation sonic or ultrasonic vibrations, ...
microelectronics : positioning of masks, wafers or magnetic heads, non magnetic actuation, circuit breakers,
fluids : proportional valves, pumps, ink jet, droplet generators, injectors,
optics : mirrors or lenses positioning, focusing, laser cavity tuning, alignment or deformation of fiber, scanners, choppers, interferometers, modulators.
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Multilayer actuators can be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes. The most common shape is the rectangular bar. Ring multilayer actuators exist also. The measurements under prestress apply to the stack actuators. This standard relates to \in the direction of poling\
prEN 50ZZZ-2 (BTTF 63-2(CONV)12) Properties of multilayer actuators - Part 2: Methods of measurement
This standard describes the measurement techniques, which can be applied to measure the properties of Multilayer Actuators, as defined in prEN 50ZZZ-1.
Multilayer actuators can be manufactured in a wide variety of sizes. The most common shape is the rectangular bar. Ring multilayer actuators exist also. The measurements under prestress apply to the stack actuators. This standard relates to \in the direction of poling\
prEN 50PPP (BTTF 63-2(CONV)12) Properties of piezoelectric thick films IEC
The IEC, the International Electrotechnical Commission is the international standards and conformity assessment body for all fields of electrotechnology. The standards are maintained by a series of technical committees that cover a narrow subject area. Most of the standards developed in the IEC are maintained and produced by TC49, Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection. At present the only active work item related to piezoelectric ceramics seems to be a glossary, IEC 61994-4-2.
TC-49 Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection
IEC 60483 (1976-01) Guide to dynamic measurements of piezoelectric ceramics with high electromechanical coupling
IEC 60302 (1969-01) Standard definitions and methods of measurement for piezoelectric vibrators operating over the frequency range up to 30 MHz
IEC 60642 (1979-01) Piezoelectric ceramic resonators and resonator units for frequency control and selection - Chapter I: Standard values and conditions - Chapter II: Measuring and test conditions
IEC 60642-2 (1994-02) Piezoelectric ceramic resonator units - Part 2: Guide to the use of piezoelectric ceramic resonator units
IEC 60642-3 (1992-03) Piezoelectric ceramic resonators - Part 3: Standard outlines IEC 61253-1 (1993-12) Piezoelectric ceramic resonators - A specification in the IEC quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) - Part 1: Generic specification - Qualification approval
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IEC 61253-2 (1993-12) Piezoelectric ceramic resonators - A Specification in the IEC quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) - Part 2: Sectional specification - Qualification approval
IEC 61253-2-1 (1993-12) Piezoelectric ceramic resonators - A specification in the IEC quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) - Part 2: Sectional specification - Qualification approval - Section 1: Blank detail specification - Assessment level E
IEC 61261-1 (1994-03) Piezoelectric ceramic filters for use in electronic equipment - A specification in the IEC quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) - Part 1: Generic specification - Qualification approval
IEC 61261-2 (1994-03) Piezoelectric ceramic filters for use in electronic equipment - A specification in the IEC quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) - Part 2: Sectional specification - Qualification approval
IEC 61261-2-1 (1994-03) Piezoelectric ceramic filters for use in electronic equipment - A specification in the IEC quality assessment system for electronic components (IECQ) - Part 2: Sectional specification - Qualification approval - Section 1: Blank detail specification - Assessment level E
IEC 61994-4-2 TS Ed. 1.0 B 1CD Piezoelectric and dielectric devices for frequency control and selection - Glossary - Part 4-2: Piezoelectric materials - Piezoelectric ceramics
TC-87 Ultrasonics
IEC 61088 (1991-09) Characteristics and measurements of ultrasonic piezoceramic transducers
Specifies the essential electroacoustic characteristics of piezoceramic transducers for industrial application of ultrasonic energy. Also specifies the methods of measuring these characteristics. It has the status of a technical report.
SC-47E Subcommittee 47E: Discrete Semiconductor Devices
IEC 60747-14-1 (2000-10) Semiconductor devices - Part 14-1: Semiconductor sensors - General and classification
Describes general items concerning the specifications for sensors which are basically made of semiconductor materials, but also applicable to sensors using dielectric or ferroelectric materials.
IEEE-UFFC
The IEEE-UFFC is the Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control section of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The IEEE published some of the most quoted standards related to piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials, including
176-1987 IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity [Description]
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180-1986 IEEE Standard Definitions of Primary Ferroelectric Electric Terms
Both these standards have been withdrawn by the IEEE although they are still available from some sources as a historical document.
There are currently two active groups working under the IEEE-UFFC auspices IEEE Subcommittee on Loss in Acoustic Materials:
Standards on Characterization of Losses in Electromechanical Materials coordinated by Dr Stewart Sherrit (JPL). The aim is to develop new ways of analysing loss through use of complex impedance and to write new IEEE standard based on the analysis. Details of this can be found at the UTMR website.
A Draft of the IEEE standard on Ferroelectricity
This is a definition of terms for ferroelctrics and is being developed by SusanTrolier-McKinstry. There is a link to this at the IEEE-UFFC website but at the time of writing this was not working.
US Military Standards
The US military have specifications and standards relating to the supply of goods for use in defence, including the following standard
MIL-STD 1376B (SH) Piezoelectric Ceramic Material and Measurements - Guidelines for Sonar Transducers
This standard was cancelled in 1999. It is still widely referred to as the source of of the various Navy types for piezoelectric materials.
There is also some standards development going on at the UTMR although it is not clear what form these standards will eventually be published as.
Committee on Standard Protocols for Single Crystal Piezoelectrics
This is coordinated by Dr Lynn Ewart-Paine (NUWC) on behalf of Dr Wallace Smith - ONR and is aimed at producing a protocol for the calculation of the dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficients for piezoelectric single crystals.
VAMAS
VAMAS is the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards and supports world trade in products dependant on advanced materials technologies, through International collaborative projects aimed at providing the technical basis for harmonized measurements, testing, specifications, and standards.
The pre-standards research activities of VAMAS are organized into technical committees called Technical Working Areas (TWAs) which are approved by the a steering committee and led by International Chairmen. A recent technical working area, TWA 24 Performance
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