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④特殊疑问句： ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式?如：Who went to home yesterday?
【注】一般过去时口诀
一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。 动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单，didn't 站在动词原形前，其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾直接加-ed，如：work-worked , cook-cooked 2．结尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不规则动词过去式： am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
习题： 过去时练习
一、 写出下列动词的过去式
is\\am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ put ______ kick_________ pass_______ do ________
二、 用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 9. I ______ an English teacher now. 10. She _______ happy yesterday.
11. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
三、用动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
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3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 7. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
四、用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they?
七、Have、Has和There be结构
1、There be结构包括there is, there are, there was, there were. 2、意思都是“有”。
3、和have、has、had的区别：
(1)There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)
(2)在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定。
(3)there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
(4)there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
(5)some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
(6)and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。 (7)针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
(8)针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s + 介词短语?
(9)There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
八、冠词
1、冠词分类：英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法：用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
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(1)表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying on the ground. (2)表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man. (3)表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English. (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room. (5)几个用不定冠词的习语： a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a rest等(休息)一会儿,等等。 3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。 (1)表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. (2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard, Lily. (3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert. (4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun. (5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River. (6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go? / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. (在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7)常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5. (8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains. (9)用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America. (10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month. (11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same. (12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、一些不用冠词的情况： (1)专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2)名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours. (3)周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995. They usually plant trees on the hills in spring. (4)(第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys. (5)三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭) (6)节、假日前一般不用。如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents. (7)球类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons. (8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at People’s Cinema. (9)一些习惯用语中不用。如： ⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to / for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆in Chinese/English; ⒇ take care of
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九、介词
1、介词的主要用法：
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如：out of(从…中出来), away from(距离…), next to(在…隔壁), in front of(在…前方)等。 2、介词的分类表：
地点(位置、范围)介词： after在…后面, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, beside在...旁边, between在...之间, from来自..., in在...里面, near靠近..., on在...上面, outside在....外面, under在...下方, in front of在...前, in the middle of在...的中间, at the back of在...的后部,等等。
方向(目标趋向)介词： along沿着..., around绕着..., at朝着..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., near接近..., off脱离/除..., out of向...外, outside向....外, to向/朝..., up向...上, away from远离... 时间介词：about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午); on在(某日), past过了…(时), to到(下一时刻), 方式介词：as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步), with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼),
涉及介词: about关于..., in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., to对…而言, with就…而言 其它介词:
【目的介词】 for为了..., to为了…
【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比少,
【伴随/状态介词】 at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色), on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着... 3、介词短语的句法作用：
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。如：The man came
countryside.(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)/The teacher is now with the students.(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
4、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾； 介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗？) 5、重要注释：
⑴ this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/ He had a bad cold that week.(那个星期他患重感冒)
⑵ 记住一些固定词组： on foot(步行), at night(在晚上), play with(玩耍……),look out of(朝…外面看), with one’s help(在…的帮助下),look after(照料…),look for(寻找…),on a bike(=by bike)骑车, help sb. with(帮某人做…)等等。 6、某些介词的用法辨析：
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⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院)
⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)
⑶ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”, in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) ⑸ in front of 与in the front of： in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.
7、for用法小结
①表示“当作、作为”。如：I like some bread and milk for breakfast. What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么？ ②表示理由或原因，意为“因为、由于”。如：
Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。 ③表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“给……”、“对…… （而言）”。如： Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 ④表示时间、距离，意为“计、达”。如：
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。 We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。 ⑤表示去向、目的，意为“向、往、取、买”等。如： Let's go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。 ⑥表示所属关系或用途，意为“为、适于……的”。如： It's time for school. 到上学的时间了。
Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。 ⑦表示“支持、赞成”。如：
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划？ ⑧用于一些固定搭配中。如：
Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如，格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
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小升初英语语法知识点总结
