小升初英语语法知识点总结

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小学英语语法知识点总结

一、名词

（一）可数名词：表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。

可数名词复数规则：

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. ss. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches, glass-glasses

3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries, city-cities, body-bodies

4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives,

leaf——leaves, wife-wives, half-halves

5．不规则名词复数：① child → children， mouse → mice ② man → men, woman → women, policeman → policemen ③ tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes

[注]：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的加-s

如：photo → photos ]

④ foot → feet， tooth → teeth [注： oo变成ee。]

⑤ fish , sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形 [注：变复数时词形不变。] ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数； people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。

习题：写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______

（二）不可数名词：表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质（grass草，ice冰），抽象的名词（help帮助，music音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如some water）,不能与不定冠词连用。（三）名词所有格：

1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如：Children’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如：today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口).

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(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注]：①’s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式, 如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”, 称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s (我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

二、人称代词和物主代词

1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。

人称代词我你，你们他她它我们主格 I you he she it we 宾格 me you him her it us 我的你的，你们的他的她的它的我们的物主代词形容词性 my your his her its our their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs 他（她，它）们 they them 他（她，它）们的【注】：人称代词有主格和宾格之分，一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的); 如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。习题：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 三、一般现在时

（一）一般现在时的功能

1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。

2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我天天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。（二）一般现在时的构成

1. be动词：主语+ be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+ 行为动词+( 其它)。如：We study English. 我们学习英语。【注】当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加\或\。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

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（三）一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。

① 否定句：主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

②一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. ③特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。

① 否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't )+动词原形+( 其它)。如： I don't like bread. ② 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play. ③ 一般疑问句：Do( Does )+主语+动词原形+其它。如：

- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

④ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?

动词+s的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 习题：一般现在时用法专练

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ wash_______

二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

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17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday

四、现在进行时

1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3．现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

4．现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

5．现在进行时的特殊疑问句的基本结构为：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be + 动词ing?

动词加ing的变化规则

（1）一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

（2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting

（3）如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如： run-running, stop-stopping

习题：现在进行时专项练习：

一、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1. The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look. They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6. They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7. Look! The girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8. What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

五、一般将来时

1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。

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句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 2、基本结构：①be going to do；②will do.

3、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.

→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

4、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.

→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

5、特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如：What is Jim going to do? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?如：Who is going to play football?

6、同义句：be going to = will do be not going to = won’t do

I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 7对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

⑴ 问人。Who 例如：I'm going to New York soon. →Who's going to New York soon? ⑵ 问干什么。What … do.如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?

⑶ 问什么时候。When. 如：She's going to go to bed at nine.

→When is she going to bed? 习题：填空

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我们将要学习英语

We _____ _______ _________ learn English. We ________ learn English.

六、一般过去时

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year, yesterday, just now, two weeks ago等。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。

例如：①I saw him in the street yesterday.。 ②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year.

2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3．行为动词的一般过去时