高一英语必修一外研版教材各单元语法经典总结--绝对值得下 - 图文 

Module 1 My First Day at Senior High Grammar 1: 一般现在时和现在进行时 1、The students often do their experiment in the 表示现在习惯或反复发生的动作或存在laboratory. 的状态，常与usually、always、Seldom、2、We always care for each other and help each other. sometimes、often、frequently、every day、 every week、(year morning)on Sunday3、I am used to listening to the weather report every morning. 等时间状语连用。 4、He sometimes stays up till midnight to catch up with others. 5、Do you usually go to school on Sunday. 1、She is always ready to help others. 一 表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态 2、China is a developing country which belongs to 般 the third world. 现 3、---Do you sing? –A little. 在 时 表示客观规律、正确事实或科学真理、格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在。 1、All the living things on the earth depend on the sun. 2、Knowledge comes only from practice. 3、Unpleasant advice ,like bitter medicine ,has welcome effect. *Our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun. 在由连词if、unless 、before、 as soon 1、I’ll call on you unless it rains the day after as when、 once、 however 等引起的tomorrow. Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take 时间（条件、让步）状语从句，需用一般2、place. 现在时，表示将来。 3、We will start as soon as you are ready. 4、However much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants. 表示安排或计划要做的动作（有时间状1、The film starts at seven o’clock this evening. 语）限于begin 、come、 leave、 go、2、The plane takes off at 5:00a.m. arrive、start、stop、open、close、return3、We leave for Beijing next Friday. 等 现 在 进 行 时 用法 表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 例示 1、Look, the boy is dozing off. 2、Look! The monkey is climbing the banana tree. 3、I haven’t accepted his suggestion yet. I’m still considering it. 1、How are you getting along with your English these day. 2、We are going over the grammar learned before at present. 3、W are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now. 1、He is always thinking of others.（表赞许） 2、He is constantly leaving his things about.（表不满） 3、The children are always making trouble.（表厌恶） 4、She is always asking the same question.（表厌恶） 5、You are always changing 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行） 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表赞叹，厌恶等，常与always\\constantly\\continually等副词连用 表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作，常限于go\\come\\leave\\start\\arrive\\return\\work\\sleep\\stay\\do\\have\\wear等表移动，方向的动词 your mind.（表抱怨） 1、He is starting the work in a few minutes. 2、A foreign guest is giving a lecture in English this afternoon. 3、He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow afternoon. 4、He is coming to see you next month. 5、He is staying with us for a few weeks next year. Grammar 2:分词形容词

英语中有些形容词是由动词的 ---ing 构成的（通常表示事物给人的感觉，意为“是令人感到…..的”），有些形容词是由动词的------ed 构成的（通常表示人对事物的感觉，意为“对……感到……的”）。前者表示主动的意义，后者表示被动的意义。由于他们的形式与现在分词和过去分词完全一样，故又称它们为“ 分词形容词”，在句中做表、定、状、补等成分。常见的有：

amazing ---- amazed amusing ---- amused astonishing---- astonished frighting-------frightened boring- ---bored confusing-- confused disappointing—disappointed moving ------moved disturbing - disturbed discouraging-- discouraged encouraging – encouraged tiring------tired

Module 2 My New Teachers

Grammar：后接V-ing的动词

（1）英语中有很多的动词后只跟动名词作宾语：如

advise, consider, admit, appreciate, mind , avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, deny, enjoy, keep(on), practice, resist, escape , risk , put off, explain, quit(停止)， tolerate, pardon, allow, forbid, miss (错过)， suggest, advise, recommend, finish, envy, can’t help

（2） 有一类动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语；如果后面跟名词、代词加宾补， 则宾补用不定式‘这类常见的可记忆

为“阿福的帽子”:FU’S CAP : allow, forbid, understand, suppose, consider, advise, permitted eg: ① We don’t allow using mobile phone here.

② We don’t allow him to use mobile phone here. ③ He is not allowed to use mobile phone here.

（3） “动词+ 介词”构成的短语，其后往往跟动名词作宾语。尤其是含有介词“to “的动名词短语；常见的有：be used to 习惯于，

devote oneself to 致力于； lead to导致；see to注意，处理 pay attention to； get down to ； stick to; get accustomed to ; look forward to

（4）“what \\ how about + v-ing” 常用来征询意见，意为“。。。怎么样？

eg: What about going on a picnic?

（5）有些动词后跟不定式与动名词的意义差别较大，高考出现频率较大：

forget to do sth remember to do sth doing sth doing sth

regret to do sth stop to do sth doing sth doing sth

mean to do sth try to do sth (努力\\ 试图做sth) doing sth doing sth (尝试做某事)

go on to do sth can’t help to do sth doing sth （with sth） doing sth

【注】：remember, forget, regret 后跟 doing 与跟having done 的意思一样。

（6）动名词的复合结构：动名词的前面可以有自己的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构。其结构由物主代词或人称代

词（宾语）、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成, 在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。 eg:① Tom’s doing sth 可作主、宾、表

His doing sth

② Tom doing sth 可作主、表 Him doing sth

Module 3 My First Ride on a Train

Grammar 1:动词的过去分词

①及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动或完成，或两者兼而有之 eg: a respected teacher a broken cup

②不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成的含义 eg：He is a retired worker.

③V-ed 形式的分词形容词作定语说明所修饰的名词的状态，无被动的含义，是一个形容词 （1）作定语 eg：a surprised look disapointed children

④过去分词可以和形容词或副词一起构成合成形容词一起做前置定语 eg: a highly-developed industry a widely-used language

⑤过去分词短语作后置定语放在所修饰词的后面，逻辑上相当于一个被动的定语从句 eg:→It is a book (which is )recommended by the teacher.

→Many people (who were)invited to the party were famous scientists. （2）作表语：表示主语的特点或所处的状态 eg:The door remained locked.

（3）作补语：过去分词（一般是及物动词的）表示被动或完成，有时兼而有之，作宾补得过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑

上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者或对象。

eg:She found the door broken when she came in.

（4）作状语:修饰谓语动词分词动作与主语之间常构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词作状语，意义上相

当于状语从句，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、让步、方式等。

①表条件：eg：Given more attention , the trees could have grown better.

②表时间：eg:Asked many times , I told him the secret.

③表伴随：eg:The teacher came in, followed by his students.

④表让步; eg:Shown many times , he couldn’t operate the machine on his own.

⑤表方式：eg：She was in tears as if deeply moved by the film. Grammar 2:一般过去时 1、The great wall came into being in 221B.C 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与2、She suddenly fell ill in the classroom the other yesterday\\in 1996\\two years ago\\last day. month\\the day before yesterday\\the 3、Mr. Jackson came to china a score of years other day等表示过去的时间状语连用 ago. 4、A thief broke into his house and stole his treasure last night. 一 1、When I was in the factory, I often worked in the 般 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的workshop. 过 行为，常与every day\\often\\sometimes2、He usually came to school by bike last year. 去 等时间状语连用，“used to+动词原形”或3、We used to get up at five every morning when 时 “would+动词原形”常用来表示过去经常we were at school. 4、We would ask him for advice when we had 或反复发生的行为。 trouble with our English. The professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted 表示过去发生的一连串动作。 it, and smiled with satisfaction. 1、He said he would let us know if he got any 在时间、条件、方式让步状语从句中用一news. 般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 2、He promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there. 3、She said she would write to us soon as she arrived at Beijing. Module 4 A social Survey—My neighbourhood Grammar：现在完成时 表示过去发生或已经完1、--Have you had your lunch yet? 成的某一动作对现在造---Yes, I have. I have just had it.(现在不饿了) 成的影响或结果。 2、I have already posted the parcel.(包裹已不在我这里) 表示过去已经开始，持续1、I haven’t seen her these days(for a long time). 到现在的动作或状态，可2、Have you returned the book today? 以和表示从过去某一时3、I’ve known Li Lei for over 3 years. 刻延续到现在（包括“现 since he came here. 在”在内）的一段时间内的 since 10 years ago. 状语连用：4、He has lived here since 1980\\since yesterday. since last year. now\\just\\today\\thismorni ever since(then). ng\\thismonth\\this 现 year\\for\\since\\all the time 在 与1、I have never seen such an inspiring film before. Already\\never\\ever\\just\\2、Tom has done his homework already. 完 before\\lately\\recently\\yet3、I haven’t seen him so far. \\so far\%up to the 4、---Have you ever been to Beijng?---NO ,I have never been there present\%up till now\\in the 成 5、Up till now we haven’t seen the film. past\\last few years 6、He has recently come from New York. 等状语连用。 时 与1、We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 week. for\\during\\in\\within\\over2、They have made rapid progress during the past few years. 引导的时间状语连用，表3、--Have you seen any Austrians pass by here? 示从过去的某一行为一 ----Not within the last days. 直延续到现在。 4、I haven’t seen him in the recent years. 表示反复或习惯性的动1、I haven’t watched him several times. 作，与several 2、He has been to London twice. times\\once\\twice\\three 3、I have seen the film three times. times\\frequently等频度 副词连用. 在“最高级+名词”或在“这1、This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 是第几次”之后跟定于从2、It is the second time that you have been here. 句，从句用现在完成时。 3、This is the first time that I have visited you country. 表示从过去到现在没有1、He hasn’t cleaned the room for 10 days. 发生的动作。 2、They haven’t heard from him for a score of years. 用在时间、条件状语从句1、I will give my opinion after I have read through the book. 中，表示从句动作先于主2、We’ll set out at once if the rain has stopped. 现 句动作之前已完成。 3、I’ll tell him after you have left. 在 在现在完成时中，终止动1、He arrived in China in 1990\\5 years ago. 词若于for\\since等延续2、He has arrived in China. 完 状语连用，需把终止动词3、he has been in china since 1990\\for five years. 变为be动词等的适当形4、It is 5 years since he (has) arrived in china. 成 式。如： 5、 she has left school for 15 years. ⅹ die—be dead\\ join-be in\\ She has been away from school for 15 years. ∨ 时 fall ill---be ill\\finish—be 6、 She has married Jack since 1965 。ⅹ over \\leave/ go—be She has been married to Jack since 1965. ∨ away \\begin—be on 7、 borrowed the novel for several days. ⅹ \\make friends—be I have friends\\ become-be\\ get Kept the novel for several days. ready-be 8、 he has been in the army for 5 years. ∨ ready\\buy—get/ have He has joined the army for 5 years。 ⅹ \\marry—be married(to) \\ borrow—keep\\ arrive /get to/reach/come—be in /be at/ stay \\ dress—be(dressed)in\\ put on—have on/wear \\meet—stay together 现 在 完 成 进 行 时 表示过去某一时刻开始1、He is ill .He has been lying in bed for three weeks.(动作会继续下去) 的动作一直延续到现在，2、She is very tired .She has been typing letters all day. 甚至将来（强调进行的过3、Where have you been? He has been waiting for you all this 程） morning.(动作刚刚结束) 一直到现在为止的一段1、All these years they have been contributing articles to our 时间内一再反复进行的magazine. 2、Jim has been phoning Jenny every might for several weeks. 动作。 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab Grammar：形容词和副词的比较级

英语中的形容词和副词常有三种形式来表达事物的等级差别，分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大部分的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的，属于规则变化，但也有少数是不规则变化。 （一）规则变化

1.单音节词在词尾加--er 构成比较级，加--est构成最高级。以---e 结尾的单音节词直接加--r 和--st ;以辅音字母结尾 且前边只有一个元音字母的，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-- er 和 ---est

hard --- harder ----hardest late --- later --- latest hot ---- hotter ---- hottest 2.双音节词和多音节词的比较级和最高级

（1）以辅音字母+ y 结尾的双音节形容词，把y变为i ；再加--er 和---est happy ---- happier ---- happiest

（2）其他的双音节词和多音节词大都在前边加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级 exact --- more exact --- most exact warmly ---more warmly -----most warmly 【注】：以--ly结尾的副词，除了early 外，其他均使用more / most 构成比较级和最高级 （3）有少数几个双音节词以及以--er 及--le 结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级形式 common --- commoner / more common ---- commonest / most common often ---oftener / more often ---- oftenest / more often clever- ---cleverer / more clever ---- cleverest / most clever simple ---- simpler / more simple ---- simplest / most simple 【注】：像unhappy这样的以--y结尾的双音节形容词的反义词，其比较级和最高级形式有两种：unhappier /more unhappy --- unhappiest / most unhappy （二）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good well better best many much more most little old less least older（年龄、新旧、血缘） oldest eldest elder （仅指血缘） worse worst farthest farther （仅指距离） furthest further（指距离或程度） later （较迟的，后来） latest （最新的，最晚的） bad ill far late 【注】：older, oldest 指年龄的大小关系，而elder , eldest 指兄妹之间的长幼关系。older, oldest 既可以作定语还 以作表语，而elder , eldest只可用来作定语。 farther ，farthest多指具体的距离；而further，furthest