姓 名学 号院 系专 业班 级……………………………… 宁夏师范学院成教学院综合英语Ⅳ 作业题号一二三四五六七总分总分人得分 得分 评卷人 装 …………………… PART I Vocabulary and Grammar .(20%)There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 订Mark your answers on your answer sheet.………………… 1.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free in its pure form, owing to the fact that it always _____D_____ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. A) combinedB) having combinedC) combineD) combines线2.It was recently reported that a Japanese banker who had been in serious …………………………………………………financial trouble _____B_____ suicide in a moment of wild despair. A) performedB) committedC) executedD) terminated3.I am sorry I haven’t got any money-. I have _____B_____ my wallet at home. A) missed B) leftC) putD) forgot4.It is very difficult for him to ______B____ between blue and green. A) contrastB) distinguishC) separateD) compare5.The new sports center ______D____ for all kinds of leisure activities.A) dealsB) suppliesC) furnishes D) caters6.According to the law of the country, the Parliament will have to be _____D_____ before the General Election. A) decomposedB) dispersedC) dissolvedD) disintegrated7.The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me _____D_____ she remembered who last borrowed it. A) ever sinceB) much asC) even thoughD) as soon as 8.What the guardian did was in fact to ____C______ the child of the joys of life. A) abandonB) cancelC) depriveD) feed9.The car industry is notoriously __B___ to strikes. A) capableB) proneC) trendyD) able10.Now in China many large stores use discount coupons as ____B_____ to attract customers. A) motivesB) incentivesC) awardsD) rewards11.Americans are highly _____C_____ , and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others. A) movingB) movableC) mobileD) motive12.Rickets can result from a diet _A___ in vitamin D. A) deficientB) shortC) inadequateD) failing13.I’d like to _______B___ a special seat for the concert on May 5th.A) deserveB) reserveC) preserveD) conserve14.Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100 years ____B______ it has warmed in the 2000 years since the Ice Age. A) as long asB) as much asC) as soon asD) as well as15.The Olympic Games can ___B_______ its history back to the sixth century B.C. A) findB) traceC) chaseD) follow16.Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe _____C_____ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. A) so thatB) but thatC) in thatD) provided that117.Large amounts of food imports placed a great strain on the country’s gold _____C_____ . A) storageB) depositC) reservationD) reserves18.A strong, sandy wind blows from the ____C______ hill in front of their house.A) emptyB) isolatedC) bare D) remote19.Every drug that is put on the market has undergone _____B_____ tests. A) exhaustingB) exhaustive C) exhaustibleD) exhausted20.There is always _____C_____ traffic in the city center at rush hour. A) strongB) fullC) heavyD) many……………………………… 得分 评卷人 PART II READING COMPREHENSION.(20%)In this section there are several passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. 装Mark your answers on your answer sheet. …………………………… TEXT AIt is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be color photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the 订external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside …………………………… our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that it points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain.In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ration of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the 线 ………………other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to bright in the brightly illuminated disc almost identical with that in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about his perception, for when the matched disc, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate, but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, for the person recorded things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for the person also recorded things as they look. He did better than the camera because he made them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of computation he received a more accurate record of the external world than could the camera.In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a color card the colors of two pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are colored and equal shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the donkey. The leaf evidently looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual world compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this versatility.In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and satiated people are asked to equalize the brightness of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst. When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest (i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food one less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with “drink” pictures. For the satiated group no differences are obtained between the different objects. In other words, perception serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is determined by more than just the stimulus.The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton or wool, or floating naked in water at body temperature, people are deprived of considerable periods of external stimulation. Contrary to what one might expect, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the immediate external world than does a dream in someone who is asleep. These people are not asleep yet their hallucinations, or so-called “autistic” perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more so, 2than any normal percept. 21.The underlined “it” in line 7, paragraph 1 refers to .A)Perception. B) One of the experiments.C)The answer. D) The photographic analogy.22.The first experiment shows that .A) A person could record the external world more accurately than a camera.B) A camera could record the external would as it really was.C)A person could record the external world as it really was.D)A person could record the external world in more on less the same way as a camera could.23.In the third experiment, .A)Everybody has to go hungry because they will be asked to look at pictures of food.B) People are asked to change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright.C)People are asked to describe the lightness of the pictures.D)Satiated people see less clearly than hungry or thirsty people.24.People deprived of sense in this fourth experiment .A)Usually go mad. B) Dream very easily.C)Lack perceptual experience. D）Experience usual things.TEXT BGenghis Khan, the great Mongol conqueror, was born in about 1162. His father, a petty Mongol chieftain, named the boy Temujin, after a defeated rival chieftain. When Temujin was nine, his father was killed by members of a rival tribe, and for some years the surviving members of the Family lived in constant danger and privation. This was an inauspicious beginning, but Temujin’s situation was to become a lot worse before it got better. When he was a young man, he was captured in a raid by a rival tribe. To prevent his escaping, a wooden collar was placed around his neck. From this extremity of helplessness as an illiterate prisoner in a primitive, barren country, Temujin rose to become the most powerful man in the world.His rise started when he managed to escape from his captor. He then allied himself with Toghril, a friend of his father’s, and chieftain of one of the related tribes living in the area. There followed many years of internecine warfare among these various Mongol tribes, in the course of which Temujin gradually fought his way to the top.The tribesmen of Mongolia had long been known as skilled horsemen and fierce warriors. Throughout history, they had made sporadic raids into northern China. However, before the rise of Temujin, the various tribes had always spent most of their energy in fighting each other. By a combination of military prowess, diplomacy, ruthlessness and organizational ability, Temujin managed to weld all of these tribes together under his leadership, and in 1206 an assembly of the Mongol chieftains proclaimed him Genghis Khan, or “ the universal emperor”.The formidable military machine that Genghis Khan had assembled was then turned outward upon neighboring nations. He first attacked the Western Xia state in northwestern China and the Jin Empire in northern China. While these battles were going on, a dispute arose between Genghis Khan and the Khwarezm Shah Muhammad, who ruled a considerable empire in Persia and central Asia. In 1219, Genghis led his armies against the Khwarezm Shah. Central Asia and Persia were overrun, and the Khwarezm Shah’s empire was completely destroyed. While other Mongol armies were attacking Russia, Genghis Khan himself led a raid into Afghanistan and northern India. He returned to Mongolia in 1225, and died there in 1227.25.From the passage, we know that Mongolians were very good at B .A)fighting and hunting. B) fighting and horse-riding.C)horse-riding and farming. D)farming and hunting.26.The name “Genghis Khan” C .A)was a name given by his fatherB)was the name of a defeated fellow chieftainC)meant “the universal emperor”D)did not mean anything27.Adopting all possible means, Genghis Khan finally B .A)managed to bring all of the chieftains to their kneesB)managed to unite all of the tribesC)managed to maintain the internecine warfare among the tribesD)managed to stop the tribes from fighting each other28.Which of the following is false? DA)When Temujin was only a child, his father was killed.B)There were many wars in Genghis Khan’s time.C)Temujin was proclaimed Genghis Khan in the year 1206.D)Genghis Khan had conquered many places in Asia and Europe before his death.3TEXT CDespite the widespread early use of wool and linen, cotton is the most important material for men’s clothing. Today, about three out of every four people in the world wear clothing made of cotton. Cotton has a long history. Fifteen hundred years before the birth of Christ, the people of India were making cotton into cloth. The Greek historian, Herodotus, who wrote in the fifth century before Christ, described a tree in Asia which bore cotton. He said that it exceeded in goodness and beauty the wool of any sheep.” He also described the way the people of India wove and dyed cotton. For two thousand years the Indian’s methods of weaving and dying have remained unchanged.Cotton was not exported to Europe until the eighth century A.D. It was brought to Spain by the Moors of North America. The Europeans liked this textile and began to make cotton cloth. By the fifteenth century, the cotton industry had spread from Spain to central Europe and the Low Countries.When Columbus arrived in the West Indies, he found the Indians wearing cotton clothes. Pizarro, the Spanish conqueror of Peru, found that the Incas were growing cotton for use in the making of clothes. Magellan found the Brazilians swinging in cotton hammocks. And Cortes was so impressed by the beauty of the cotton tapestries and rugs that the Aztecs made, that he sent some of them as presents to King Charles II of Spain.The Chinese were the first people to make silk clothing, and, for more than 2 000 years, they were the only people in the world who know how to make silk. The Chinese guarded the secrets of silk manufacturing carefully. Their merchants grew rich in the silk trade with other Asian countries and Europe. Silk, in fact, was so expensive that it was known as the “cloth of kings”.During the reign of Emperor Justinian of Constantinople, two Persian monks who lived in China brought silkworms to Europe. In the years that followed, western Europeans learned how to grow silkworms and use the silk from the cocoons. Silk is still one of the most useful textiles in clothing manufacture because of its extremely strong fibers. A thread of silk is two-thirds as strong as an iron wire of the same size and so smooth that dirt cannot cling to it easily.29.According to the passage, which people were the first to wear cotton clothes?A)The Indians. B)The Chinese. C)The European. D)The Brazilians.30.The author mentioned the name of Herodotus because he was the person who .4A)first wore cotton clothesB)knew how to make cotton out of woodC)described how the Indians wove and dyed cottonD)was much more famous than Christ31.According to the passage, the Chinese merchants became rich because .A)the Chinese guarded the secrets of silk manufacturing carefullyB)the Chinese worked more diligently than people of other nationsC)the Chinese were the first to make silk clothingD)the silk clothing the Chinese made was rather expensive32.Which of the following statements about silk is NOT true?A)Silk has extremely strong fibers.B)Silk is so smooth that dirt cannot cling to it.C)Silk is so expensive that it is seldom used as material for clothing now.D)The technology of making silk was introduced to Europe by two Persian monks.TEXT DIn dealing with high school students; that is, the second, third, and fourth years of high school, we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at a difficult psychological stage, generally called adolescence. Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally, to be subject to involuntary distractions and romantic dreaminess. They are often timid or self-conscious; they lack frankness and are usually very sensitive but hate to admit it. They are motivated either by great ambition, possibly out of all proportion to their capabilities, or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or attaining their objective. Fundamentally they want to be kept busy but they refuse to admit it. They are frequently the victims of earlier poor training, and this makes every effort doubly hard. They are usually willing to work, but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain. Their ability to criticize is beginning to develop and they are critical of their instructors and of the materials they are given to learn. They are beginning to feel the pressure of time; and although they seldom say so, they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs, but they need considerable guidance. They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it, but if it is intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm. If they are healthy they are capable of long periods of concentration and an extraordinary amount of work. They are trying, most of them, to form political ideas and they have a tendency to be either extremely idealistic (which is usually another term for radical) or conservative, blindly accepting what they are easily and permanently influenced. It is the period in which they form strong attachments for their teachers. Their outlook on life is usually extremely exaggerated. They are far too modest and retiring, or extravagantly boastful. They are much more susceptible to influence of a strong personality than to that of a great intelligence. Of all periods of life, this is what may best be called the “plastic age”.33.What age group does the author mainly discuss in this passage?A)Children. B)Adolescents. C)Adults. D)Senior citizens.34.According to the author, what is most characteristic about this group?A)They are romantic dreamers.B)They are sensitive and very timid.C)They are psychologically different from other groups.D)They are physically strong and have in inclination to rebel.35.Which of the following features does the author NOT mention about this group?A)They are easily confused mentally.B)They have an inclination to accept whatever information they are influenced with.C)They are sometimes motivated by great ambitions.D)They need a large amount of guidance and they themselves also admit this fact.TEXT EIn the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans all hurricanes and typhoons are now given female names. For several hundred years hurricanes in the Spanish islands of the Caribbean were named after the particular saint’s day on which the hurricane occurred. An example is the “Santa Ana” hurricane which struck Puerto Rico on September 3rd, the first in 1876 and the second in 1928. Early in this century a forecaster in Australia named hurricanes in his area after political figures whom he disked. By properly naming a hurricane, the weatherman could publicly describe a politician (who perhaps was not too generous with weather-bureau appropriateness) as “causing great distress” or “wandering aimlessly about the Pacific.” Another method for identifying hurricanes was the phonetic alphabet used by the military services during the late World War (Able — Baker — Charlie — etc.). The oldest method is the more cumbersome latitude-longitude description. The first written mention of lady hurricanes or storms may have been in the novel Storm, by George R. Stewart (1941). During World War II the practice of giving the storms female names became more widespread. In weather map discussions, forecasters, especially Air Force and Navy meteorologists who plot the movement of storms over the Pacific Ocean use this method of identification. It soon became evident that this method in written as well as in spoken communication was shorter, quicker, and less confusing than any other.36.The oldest method of naming hurricanes was .A)identifying them by using the phonetic alphabetB)giving them female namesC)identifying them according to their longitude and latitude location D)giving them politicians’ names37.Hurricanes were probably first given female names in .A)the Second World War B)1941 C) 1825 D)192838.Two hurricanes were given the same name. They were both called .A)“Storm” B)“Santa Ana” C)“San Felipe” D)“Able”39.The practice of naming hurricanes after saints’ days began .A)in the North Atlantic area B)in the North Pacific areaC)in Austria D)in the Caribbean40.The author of this paragraph suggests that the name of a politician may have been chosen to designate a hurricane because .A)he could then win wide recognition throughout the countryB)the weatherman could publicly express his disgust toward himC)the weatherman could draw his attention to weather forecastsD)he would reward the forecaster for honoring him得分 评卷人 PART III CLOZE (20%) Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.A new computer system has been designed to stop ships sinking. The greatest dangerr 41 ra holed vessel is that flooding of its compartments will make the ship unstable enough to capsize. It is estimated that nearly half the shipsr 42 rduring the Second World War capsized because of the loss ofr 43 5
VIP专享专升本综合英语作业与答案 - 图文
