圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台2016年河北大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PartIVocabulary(20points,2×10)PassageABasictoanyunderstandingofCanadain20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth.ForeverythreeCanadiansin1945,therewereoverfivein1996.InSeptember1966Canada’spopulationpassedthe20millionmark.Mostofthissurginggrowthcamefromnaturalincrease.Thedepressionofthe1930’sandthewarhadheldbackmarriagesandthecatching-upprocessbeganafter1945.Thebabyboomcontinuedthroughthedecadeofthe1950’s,producingapopulationincreaseofnearlyfifteenpercentinthefiveyearsfrom1951to1956.ThisrateofincreasehadbeenexceededonlyoncebeforeinCanada’shistory,inthedecadebefore1911,whentheprairieswerebeingsettled.Undoubtedly,thegoodeconomicconditionsofthe1950’ssupportedagrowthinthepopulation,buttheexpansionalsoderivedfromatrendtowardearliermarriagesandanincreaseintheaveragesizeoffamilies.In1957theCanadianbirthratestoodat28perthousand,oneofthehighestintheworld.Afterthepeakyearof1957,thebirthrateinCanadabegantodecline.Itcontinuedfallinguntilin1966itstoodatthelowestlevelin25years.Partlythisdeclinereflectedthelowlevelofbirthsduringthedepressionandthewar,butitwasalsocausedbychangesinCanadiansociety.Youngpeoplewerestayingatschoollonger,morewomenwereworking,youngmarriedcoupleswerebuying1/25圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台automobilesorhousesbeforestartingfamilies,risinglivingstandardswerecuttingdownthesizeoffamilies.ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.AlthoughthegrowthinCanada’spopulationhassloweddownby1966(theincreaseinthefirsthalfofthe1960’swasonlyninepercent).Anotherlargepopulationwavewascomingoverthehorizon.Itwouldbecomposedofthechildrenwhowerebornduringtheperiodofthehighbirthratepriorto1957.1.Theword“five”inline2refersto.A.CanadiansB.YearsC.DecadesD.Marriages2.Theword“surging”inline3isclosestinmeaningto.A.newB.extraC.acceleratingD.surprising3.Theword“trend”inline9isclosestinmeaningto.A.tendencyB.aimC.growth2/25圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台D.directive4.Theword“peak”inline11isclosestinmeaningto.A.pointedB.dismalC.mountainD.maximum5.Thephrase“priorto”inline22isclosestinmeaningto.A.behindB.SinceC.DuringD.Preceding【答案与解析】1.A由第一段前两句BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadain20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth.ForeverythreeCanadiansin1945,therewereoverfivein1996.可知二战结束后的20年内，加拿大人口迅速增长。1945年和1996年加拿大人口比率是3:5（假设1945年加拿大人口是3人的话，1996年达到了5人以上。）因此此处five指的是Canadians加拿大人。2.C前文说到，1945-1965年加拿大人口显著增长，在1966年9月，创造了2000万的历史性记录。因此推断出surging指人口增长的迅速。因此选择accelerating，表示加速。3.A从前文可知，trend所在句子中expansion指的是1951-1956加拿大人口的增长。3/25圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台只有tendency倾向代入句中，能使句意合理。句意：这段时间的人口增长源于早婚倾向和家庭规模的扩大。4.D由上段最后一句In1957theCanadianbirthratestoodat28perthousand,oneofthehighestintheworld.可知1957年加拿大出生率是当年全世界人口出生率最高的国家之一。本句又指出1957年后，加拿大出生率开始下降。上段又提到，1945年后直到1956年加拿大人口一直在增长。因此可知1957年是达到顶峰值的一年。故选maximum，最高的，最大的。5.D综合全文可知，二战结束的年份1945年到1957年加拿大出生率一直在增长，1957年达到顶峰，1957到1966年出生率下降。1960到1965年增长率仅达9%，而1951到1957年增长率达到了15%，因此periodofthehighbirthrate指的是1957年之前。故选preceding，表示在……之前。PassageBThepreservationofembryosandjuvenilesisrareoccurrenceinthefossilrecord.Thetiny,delicateskeletonsareusuallyscatteredbyscavengersordestroyedbyweatheringbeforetheycanbefossilized.Ichthyosaurshadahigherchanceofbeingpreservedthandidterrestrialcreaturesbecause,asmarineanimals,theytendedtoliveinenvironmentslesssubjecttoerosionStill,theirfossilizationrequiredasuiteoffactors:aslowrateofdecayofsofttissues,littlescavengingbyotheranimals,alackifswiftcurrentsandwavestojumbleandcarryawaysmallbones,andfairlyrapidburial.Giventhesefactors,someareashavebecomeatreasuryofwell-preservedichthyosaurfossils.4/25圣才电子书www.100xuexi.com十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台ThedepositsatHolzmaden,Germany,presentaninterestingcaseforanalysis.Theichthyosaurremainsarefoundinblack,bituminousmarineshalesdepositedabout190millionyearsago.Overtheyears,thousandsofspecimensofmarinereptiles,fish,andinvertebrateshavebeenrecoveredfromtheserocks.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzmaden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Theembryosarequiteadvancedintheirphysicaldevelopment;theirpaddles,forexample,arealreadywellformed.Onespecimenisevenpreservedinthebirthcanal.Inaddition,theshalecontainstheremainsofmanynewbornsthatarebetween20and30incheslong.WhyaretheresomanypregnantfemalesandyoungatHolzmadenwhentheyaresorareelsewhere?Thequalityofpreservationisalmostunmatched,andquarryoperationsfactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.6.Theword“they”inline2refersto.A.skeletonsB.scavengersC.creaturesD.environments5/25
2016年河北大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
