读说写1 Unit one
[A]1. The restaurant industry has one thing in common with the film industry: the high failure rate among its small businesses. 餐饮行业与电影行业的共同之处在于其小型企业的失败率很高.
2. His greatness lies in his outstanding ability to connect the qualities of a scientist with those of an industrialist. 他的伟大在于他具有非凡的能力把科学家和实业家的品质结合起来了.
3. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace, which is quite obvious among the mobile professions.
像工作单位取代居住地一样,我们的种族身份已被职业身份所取代.这一现象在流动作业的行业中表现得尤为明显.
4. Plainly, in any large enterprise the boss cannot be directly involved in everything, and some means have to be found to transfer his belief to others. 显然,任何一家大公司的老板都不可能事事亲力亲为,需要找到一些方法把他们的理念传达给他人.
5. No one was willing to experience the feeling of being out of control and dependent on someone else‘s approval, at someone else‘s mercy. 没有任何人愿意再过那种自己无法控制、要别人认可、任人摆布的日子了.
6. The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind and with his will. 人们渴望一种成就感,渴望有能力凭自己的手、自己的脑、自己的意志办成事情. 7. The government hopes that sale of a chunk of its assets will help make up for its loss. 政府希望通过大量出售资产来弥补损失.
8. In modern society, people are more likely to be identified by their professions, rather than by their communities. 现代社会里人们的身份更多地由他们所从事的职业,而不是他们所生活的社区来界定. 9. Careers jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. 职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的作用比我们大多数人意识到的要多得多. 10. We did have an investigation with regard to the issue, but we should not comment on it. 我们的确对这个事件进行了调查,但不会对正在进行的调查作任何评论.
[B] Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasn‘s just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that have something ―in common‖ with other teachers, nurses, city planners. (Para.11)
不是所有的住宅区都是空的,也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的.多数人在这里都曾有过复杂的经历.然而,最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度.我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区迁移到办公楼,上班时身上佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起.我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有某些共同点。，
It‘s not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish community, the Polish community. They sought out and assumed connections with people from the old country. Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language. (Para.12)
这有点像最初移民来到美国我们的祖辈们的经历,许多人来到这里以后把自己原来的国籍还当成一个社区,所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰人社区等。他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。我们把这种体验提升了一步。像工作单位取代居住地一样，我们的职业身份取代了种族身份。这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份根植与他们的行业中。在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费劲周折去寻找有共同语言的人。
Unit two
[A] 1.
尽管已历经无数失败，凯瑟琳仍然相信她能把儿子培养成为世界冠军。
Although she has gone through numerous failures, Katherine still believes that she could make a world champion of her son. 2. 这个培训项目其实不算糟糕，但如果它的课程再实用一点就更好了。
This training program is not really a bad experience. But I would have liked it better if the courses had been a bit more practical. 3.
你应该没这么笨，竟然会打开一个可疑的附件。
You should have known better than to open a suspicious attachment. 4. 他不幸在一次意外的交通事故中丧生，留下尚未做完的实验。
Unfortunately he died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done. 5. 那个街角的食品市场能改建成花园，岂不是更好吗？
Wouldn‘t it be better if the food market on the street corner could be turned into a garden? 6. 尽管我竭力想讨好每一个人，但说话却好像总是不合时宜。
Much as I am eager to please everyone, I seem never be able to speak out the right thing at the right time. 7. 这个小玩意儿是送给老年人的好礼物，它能精确地跟踪血压。
This little gadget makes a good present for the elderly， for it can keep accurate track of one‘s blood pressure. 8. 简总是在为下一项成就而努力，从来没有时间坐下来欣赏自己已经取得的成绩。
Jane is always working so hard to achieve the next thing and she never has time to sit back and pat herself on the back about the things that she has already done.
9. 汤姆审时度势，决定缩小企业规模，后来证明这是明智之举。
Tom sized up the situation, and decided to downsize his business, which turned out to be a wise decision. 10. 我们学校仅仅维持现状是不够的，它应该加速发展，力争成为中国最好的大学之一。
[B] It is not enough for our university to resign itself to the status quo; it should speed up its development, and make itself one of the best universities in China. Onward and upward was the course she set. Small progress was no excuse for feeling satisfied with yourself. People who stopped to pat themselves on the back didn‘t last long. Even if you got to the top, you‘d better not take it easy. ―The bigger they come, the harder they fall‖ was one of her favorite maxims. (Para.21)
进取、进取、再进取，这是母亲给我设定的方向。小小的进步是不足以自我满足的。那些因成功而沾沾自喜停下来欣赏自己的人是不会持久的。即使你已经到达顶峰，你也最好不要放松。―爬得越高，摔得越痛‖是母亲的至理名言。
It wasn‘t the gin that was shouting. It was my mother. The gin only gave me the courage to announce to them that yes, by God, I had always believed in success, had always believed that without hard work and self-discipline you could never amount to anything, and didn‘t deserve to. (Para.32) 其实不是杜松子酒在吼，是我的母亲在吼。酒只是借给了我勇气向他们宣布那个想法。是的，上帝可以作证，我一直相信成功，一直相信如果没有辛勤的劳动和严格的自律，一个人不可能有任何成就，也不配有成就。
Unit three
[A] 1. 当一个人处于―经历中的沙漠‖——一段感到毫无出路、甚至毫无希望的时期，最重要的是不要让自己陷入荒漠之中无法自拔。 When someone is in ―desert of experience‖— a period of feeling barren of options, even hope, the most important thing is not to allow himself to be stranded in the desert.
2. 经济来源耗尽，还有一大家人需要供养，吉米起初想逃避，但最终靠着顽强的勇气和乐观的性格挺了过来。
With financial resources exhausted and the pressure of a big family to support, Jimmy wanted to escape at first but finally his courage and good humor saw him through. 3.
有人认为在人生的任何阶段开始一种新的生涯都为时不晚。
Someone believes that it is never too late to embark on a new career in any period of life. 4. 在经历重大打击之后，明智的做法是勇敢面对挑战，而不是逃避。
What makes sense is to face the challenge rather than run away from the troubles after suffering a significant loss. 5. 玛丽靠她在餐馆工作的微薄收入，几乎无法维持生活。
With the small income from her restaurant job, Mary could barely make ends meet. 6. 人们逐渐明白了失败并不是可怕的东西，而是人生的宝贵经历。
It dawns on people that failure is nothing to be afraid of. But it is a precious experience in life. 7. 在毕业典礼上，校长预祝同学们在事业上不断取得进步。
The president wishes every student to forge ahead on the career ladder at the commencement ceremony. 8. 科学家们正在对吸烟者和抑郁者进行研究，试图解决这些复杂的生理和心理问题。
Scientists are studying smokers and the people with depression in an attempt to sort out their complicated physical and psychological problems. 9. 大多数家长不是竭力防止失败就是竭力不让孩子们知道他们已经失败。
Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failed. 10. 每个人都不可能十全十美。 因此，对自己宽容些。 No one can be perfect, so be easy on oneself.
[B] 1. Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. 对伟人的定义取决于人们如何衡量成功。
2. ―There‘s a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal‖ he explained. ―But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes.‖
―人们往往认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西，‖他解释道。―但研究表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。‖ 3. Greatness is built on tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion. 伟人的伟大建立在大量的学习、实践及其献身精神的基础之上。
4. Thrust into office when his country‘s morale was at the lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people.
丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。
5. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, ―We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end ... We shall never surrender.‖
在1940 年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次讲演中，他的话激励了全国人民，―我们一定不会衰退、失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。‖
Unit four
[A] 1.在当今社会， 广告几乎完全成为致力于描写快乐的现代表达方式。
In modern society, advertising has become one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness.
2.讲座永远不会从大学的舞台上完全消失，因为它们来源于一个久远的传统，而大学这个环境为了其自身的利益又理所当然地尊重传统。 Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene, because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that rightly values tradition for its own sake.
3.这对夫妻永远体会不到做父母的乐趣, 除非他们有了自己的孩子 。
Short of having their own children, the couple can never experience the pleasure of being parents. 4.他把别人的成功看成是一种挑战、一种动力。他不断告诉自己他应该比别人做得更好。
He takes other‘s success as a kind of challenge and motivation. He keeps telling himself that he should do better than others. 5.如果欢乐与愉快等于幸福，则痛苦就等于不幸福。但实际上能带来幸福的事往往与痛苦相联系。
If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. The truth is that things that lead to happiness involve some pain.
6.为了让孩子能得到成为一个音乐家所需要的一切，那些经济不宽裕的家庭对任何牺牲都在所不惜。
In homes where money was tight, no sacrifice was too great in order that the child has whatever he needed to learn to become a musician. 7.只要明白欢乐并不带来幸福，我们就会开始以不同的态度来生活
As long as we understand that fun does not bring happiness, we can begin to lead our lives differently. 8.如果我们真正得到了自己想要的，就会不停地想我们没有的——于是我们就老是不满。
If we do get what we want we‘ll keep thinking of all that we don‘t possess—and we will remain dissatisfied 9.唯一真正能平衡事业与家庭的方式是对你的生活价值观深思熟虑，并按此生活。
The only way to truly balance your career with family life is to think long and hard about your life values and live by them. 10.任何人想要生活既硕果累累又充满欢乐，他就应处理好工作和娱乐的关系
Anyone who wants to have a both fruitful and cheerful life should deal well with the relationship between work and play.
[B] 1. It‘s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.
我们可以从爱和被爱中感到快乐，从朋友的相伴中感到愉快，为能随意到处居留而感到喜悦，甚至会为了身体健康而高兴，可是这些快乐很容易被忽视。
2. We, on the other hand, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we ―gotta have.‖
另一方面，由于我们有许多选择并想在各个领域获得成功的压力，我们把幸福变成了我们―必须得到‖的另外一种东西。 3. So we chase it and equate it with wealth and success, without noticing that people who have those things aren‘t necessarily happier. 所以我们追求幸福，将幸福与财富和成功等同起来，没有注意到拥有这一切的人不一定更幸福。
4. Happiness isn‘t about what happens to us — it‘s about how we perceive what happens to us. It‘s the knack of finding a positive for every negative, and viewing a setback as a challenge.
幸福不在于我们周围所发生的一切，而在于我们如何去看待我们周围所发生着的一切事情。这是一种从不利中找到有利，将挫折看作是激励的诀窍。
5. It‘s not wishing for what we don‘t have, but cherishing what we do possess. 幸福并不是时时去盼望得到我们所没有的，而是要珍惜我们拥有的！
Unit five
[A] 1. 但愿我从来没有买过智能电器！ God forbid it if ever I had bought smart appliances! 2. 他关心国家大事，每天都看报纸。
He is concerned about state affairs and keeps reading newspapers every day. 3. 谈到高速攀升的房价，，舆论普遍认为无论政府还是房地产商都难逃其责。
When it comes to the rocketing price of housing, the media generally agree that neither the government nor land developers can shrink from their
responsibilities.
4. 在随意参观当地二手书店的时候，我看到原来越多从图书馆流失出来的图书。
Visiting local bookshops for second-hand books at random, I came across more and more books that had come from libraries. 5. 即使你读了用户手册，也不能开动你的洗衣机。
Even if you read Owner‘s Manual, you can‘t operate your washing machine.
6. 这个职位有很多人申请， 所以你和人事主管联系之前，你得先想出自己有什么特别之处。
This job position has attracted many applicants, so before you contact with the personnel officer, you need to figure out what is unique about yourself.
7. 这外交部长迅速地采取了一种更加温和的论调，人们普便认为这至少暂时挽救了他岌岌可危的政治生涯。
The Minister of Foreign Affairs quickly adopted a more temperate tone, which was generally thought at least temporarily to have saved his shaky political career.
8. 人类历史已经反复证明伟人经常不为他人理解，更糟糕的是被他人误解。
It has been proved time and again by human history that great men are too often unknown, what is worse, misunderstood by others. 9. 这种紧张情绪很快感染了人群中所有的人,我们都屏住呼吸观看究竟会发生什么。
The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd, and we all held our breath to watch what would happen. 10. 为了核实被告是否承认了所有的罪行，法庭决定让他与证人对质。
To check whether the accused men had confessed all his crimes, the court decided to confront him with a witness.
[B] 1.From my own experience, practical play exposes all sorts of weaknesses and strengths in my play that are hidden during preparation. 根据我的经验，实际下棋的时候会暴露出我在准备过程中隐藏的各种弱点和长处。
2. On top of that, all his games were accessible to the Deep Blue team, while he was in the dark about Deep Blue. 最要紧的是，深蓝队可以得到他的所有对局，但是他对深蓝队的情况却一无所知。
3. Humans, too, play weaker in unfamiliar situations and though they may find their way around better, machines can compensate for that with brute force.
在陌生的环境下人类的表现也更差，而且即使人类可能摸索到更好的方法，机器也可以用物质的力量来弥补。 4. Unfortunately, as a result, we were never able to see the fabulous calculating abilities of Deep Blue. 很不幸，结果是我们从来也不能看到深蓝奇妙的计算能力
5. IBM can hardly risk the reputation of its ―blue-eyed‖ baby against some PC or mere mortal. So the rest of us (6,000,000,000 minus Kasparov) are left with more questions than answers.
BM几乎不可能用它的―蓝眼‖婴孩的声誉来挑战某台微机或是某位凡人。所以我们当中其余的人（除了卡斯帕洛夫以外的60亿人）看到的更多的是问题而不是答案。
Unit six
[A]1. 这对双胞胎姐妹总是一起出场,用同样的声调讲话,所以我们都不能分出谁是谁.
The twin sister always appeared together, speaking in the same tone, thus none of us could tell them from each other. 2. 教授在推荐信中为他最喜欢的学生美言,尽管这位学生已经退学两年了.
The professor put in word for his favorite student in the recommendation letter, although this student had quit college for two years. 3. 俄国人在陆军和空军方面都已占了德国人的上风.
The Russians, both on land and in the air, had then the upper hand of the Germans. 4. 因为作弊被大学开除后,他身处困境.
After being expelled from university for cheating in the exam, he was up the creek now. 5. 在学生家长的要求下,学校允许学生在家里上晚自习.
At the request of the students‘ parents, the school allowed the students to study at home in the evening. 6. 他们不接受这份报告,因为报告完全违背了社会标准.
They didn‘t accept the report, because it came out totally against the social standard. 7. 经历许多坎坷曲折之后,这个天真的小姑娘最后变得世故起来,学会了如何应付困难.
With many twists and turns, the na?ve little girl finally became sophisticated, learning how to deal with difficulties. 8. 尽管持异议者被社会认为是怪人,他们却深受年轻人的欢迎.
Although mavericks are condemned as eccentrics by the society, they are deeply welcomed by the youth. 9. 多亏那个慈善团体的帮助,一度辍学的贫困学生才能继续接受教育.
Thanks to the help from that charity organization, poor students who once dropped out from school can continue their education. 10. 为了倾注皇室家庭访问这座小城,居民们在街上洒满鲜花.
To celebrate the loyal family‘s visit to the small town, the local residents strewed all the paths with flowers.
[B] To hold this opinion, however, is little short of treason in America. A boy or girl who leaves college is branded a failure—and the right to fail is one of the few freedoms that this country does not grant its citizens. The American dream of ―getting ahead‖, painted in strokes of gold wherever we look. Our advertisements and TV commercials are a hymn to material success, our magazine articles a toast to people who made it to the top. Smoke the right cigarette or drive the right cat---so the ads imply---and the girls will be swooning into your deodorized arms or caressing your expensive lapels. Happiness goes to the man who has the sweet smell of achievement. He is our national idol, and everybody else is our national fink. (Para.3) 然而在美国,持有这种观点差不多就是背叛.中途离开学校的孩子们被丑化成失败者---失败的权利是美国政府没有赋予国民的少数几个自由之一.美国之梦是‖成功‖之梦,凡是我们放眼之处都是一片金光灿烂.宣传广告和电视广告歌颂物质方面的成功,杂志文章赞誉获得此类成功的人.广告暗示你:吸适合你身份的烟、开适合你身份的车，女孩们就会陶醉在你那没有异味的怀抱之中，抚摸你那昂贵的衣领。幸福只青睐那些散发出成功的甜蜜气味的人。他是全体国民的偶像，其他所有人则是国家的蛀虫。
Unit ten
[A]1. 我们应该常常回顾过去,让过去的经验为我买你提供指导,这样我们就不会再重复同样的错误. We shall always look to the past experience for guidance, so that we would not repeat the same mistakes. 2. 一些教育家认为,与严厉的惩罚相比,积极的策略是制止学生考试作弊的更好办法.
Some educators believe that compared with strong sanctions, practive strategies serve as a better way to prevent students from cheating in exams. 3. 为了提高办公室的工作效率,经理决定订购这一套管理软件.
The manager decided to subscribe to the management software to improve the efficiency of the office. 4. 我想弄清试卷上这些英语单词的意思,但没能成功,所以我忍不住偷偷看了看电子词典.
I tried to make sense of these English words in the test paper, but in vain, so I took a peep at my e-dictionary. 5.如果这些新方法不管用,我们只好再依靠旧系统.
If these new methods don‘t work, we‘ll have to fall back on our old system.
6. 校方接到报告后,对这次作弊事件进行了全面的调查,抓出了五个用无线耳机作弊的学生.
The administration carried a comprehensive investigation after the report and caught five students who cheated with wirless earphones. 7. 他不是故意违纪,由于不知情,他才做出这个错误的决定.
He didn‘t break the on purpose. He made the wrong decision out of ignorance. 8. 学校领导承诺使用一套新系统来对付作弊.
The school authority promised to implement a new system to fight against campus cheating. 9. 她赶在最后期限前做出最后努力,从网上下载了一篇文章交了上去.
In a last-minute effort to meet the deadline she downloaded a paper from internet and handed it in. 10. 随着科技的发展,电脑在学习中起的作用越来越大,现在甚至一些考试也在电脑上完成.
With the development of technology, Computer has a more and more important role to play in our study. Nowadays, even some tests are computer-based.
[B]1.If the primary goal is simply to reduce cheating, then there are a variety of strategies to consider, including increased proctoring, encouraging faculty to use multiple versions of exams and not to recycle old tests and exams, aggressively faculty using plagiarism detection software, and employing stronger sanctions to punish offenders.
如果主要目的只是减少作弊,就可以考虑采取各种各样的措施:更严格的监考,鼓励教师采用多种版本的试题,不要循环使用旧考题,更积极地使用剽窃检测软件,以及对作弊者进行更严厉的惩罚.
2. But while such strategies are likely to reduce cheating, I can‘t imagine many people would want to learn in such an environment. 尽管这些措施很可能减少作弊,但很难想象人们会愿意在这样的环境中学习. 3. As educators, we owe our students more than this, to learn in such an environment. 作为教育者,我们为学生提供的东西应该比这些更多.
4. Today‘s students seem to be less concerned with what administrators and/or faculty consider appropriate behavior and much more concerned with the views and behavior of their peers.
今天的学生不太在意学校或教师认为适宜的行为,他们更关心同伴的观点和行为.
5. Regardless of the campus integrity policy, if students see others cheating, and faculty who fail to see it or choose to ignore it, they are likely to conclude that cheating is necessary to remain competitive.
尽管学校有关学术诚信的政策,如果学生目睹别人作弊而未被教师发现,或教师干脆置之不理,他们可能会认为,为了维持竞争力,有必要采取欺骗行为.
新视角研究生英语读说写(1)课文翻译以及课后习题答案
