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Figure 16
5、说明消费者的预算约束线以及红酒与奶酪的无差异曲线。说明最优消费选择。如果一杯红酒的价格是3美元，而一磅奶酪的价格是6美元，在这种最优时边际替代率是多少？
Figure 3-3A shows the consumer's budget constraint and indifference curves for wine and cheese. The consumer's optimum consumption choice is shown as w* and c*. Since the marginal rate of substitution equals the relative price of the two goods at the optimum, the marginal rate of substitution is $6/$3 = 2.
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Figure 3-3A
6、营业性渔民注意到了钓鱼时间与钓鱼量之间的以下关系： 小时 钓鱼量(磅) 0 0 1 10 2 18 3 24 4 28 5 30
a．用于钓鱼的每小时的边际产量是多少？
b．根据这些数据画出渔民的生产函数。解释其形状。
c．渔民的固定成本为10元(他的钓鱼竿)。他每小时时间的机会成本是5元。画出渔民的总成本曲线。解释它的形状。
a.
The following table shows the marginal product of each hour spent fishing: Hours 0 1 2 3 4 5 Fish 0 10 18 24 28 30 Fixed Cost 10 10 10 10 10 10 Variable Cost 0 5 10 15 20 25 7
Total Cost 10 15 20 25 30 25 Marginal Product --- 10 8 6 4 2 如有帮助欢迎下载支持
b. Figure 4-7A graphs the fisherman's production function. The production function becomes flatter as the number of hours spent fishing increases, illustrating diminishing marginal product.
Figure 4-7A
c. The table shows the fixed cost, variable cost, and total cost of fishing. Figure 4-8A shows the fisherman's total-cost curve. It slopes up because catching additional fish takes additional time. The curve is convex because there are diminishing returns to fishing time?each additional hour spent fishing yields fewer additional fish.
Figure 4-8A
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7、九洋公司是一家生产扫帚并挨家挨户出售的公司。下面是某一天中工人数量与产量之间的关系：
工人数 产量 边际产量 总成本 平均总成本 边际成本 0 0 1 20 2 50 3 90 4 120 5 140 6 150 7 155
a．填写边际产量栏。你看到了什么形式？你如何解释这种形式？
b．一个工人的成本是一天100元，企业的固定成本是200元。根据这些信息填写总成本栏。
c．填写平均总成本栏(记住ATC=TC／Q)。你看到了什么形式？ d．现在填写边际成本栏(记住MC=△TC/△Q)。你看到了什么形式？ e．比较边际产量栏和边际成本栏。解释其关系。
f．比较平均总成本栏和边际成本栏。解释其关系。
Here’s the table of costs:
Workers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Output 0 20 50 90 120 140 150 155 Marginal Product --- 20 30 40 30 20 10 5 Total Cost 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Average Total Cost --- 15.00 8.00 5.56 5.00 5.00 5.33 5.81 Marginal Cost --- 5.00 3.33 2.50 3.33 5.00 10.00 20.00 a. See table for marginal product. Marginal product rises at first, then declines because of diminishing marginal product. b. See table for total cost. c. See table for average total cost. Average total cost is U-shaped. When quantity is low, average total cost declines as quantity rises; when quantity is high, average total cost rises as quantity rises. d. See table for marginal cost. Marginal cost is also U-shaped.
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e. When marginal product is rising, marginal cost is falling, and vice versa. f. When marginal cost is less than average total cost, average total cost is falling; when marginal cost is greater than average total cost, average total cost is rising.
8、汇源果汁店有以下成本表： 产量 可变成本 总成本 (桶) (元) (元) 0 0 30 1 10 40 2 25 55 3 45 75 4 70 100 5 100 130
6 135 165
a．计算每单位产量的平均可变成本、平均总成本和边际成本。
b．画出这三条曲线。边际成本曲线与平均总成本曲线之间的关系是什么？边际成本曲线与平均可变成本曲线之间的关系是什么？解释原因。
a. The following table shows average variable cost (AVC), average total cost (ATC), and marginal cost (MC) for each quantity.
Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Variable Cost 0 10 25 45 70 100 135 Total Cost 30 40 55 75 100 130 165 Average Variable Cost --- 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 Average Total Cost --- 40 27.5 25 25 26 27.5 Marginal Cost --- 10 15 20 25 30 35
b. Figure 4-10A graphs the three curves. The marginal cost curve is below the average total cost curve when output is less than 4, as average total cost is declining. The marginal cost curve is above the average total cost curve when output is above 4, as average total cost is rising. The marginal cost curve is always above the average variable cost curve, and average variable cost is always increasing.
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经济学基础第一次作业09答案
