初中英语语法专题(
专题一：词汇部分（名词、数词、冠词）
A：名词专项
定义：名词 (nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。
1．主语：The bag is in the desk. 书包在桌子里边。
2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。 3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。
4．宾语补主语We selected him our monitor. 我们选他为我们的班长。 5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents. 玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。 6．定语：I bought some dog food.我买了一些狗食。 1、可修饰名词的常用词：
修饰可数名词与不可数名词： some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of 饰可数名词的有： many, (a)few, a large (great) number of 只修饰不可数名词的有： much, (a)little, a great deal of 2、难点
1）名词所有格的归纳
1、a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。 2、Children's Day
3、a friend of my father's
4、a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。 （说明：表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's）
5、a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 （说明：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构）
6、Li Lei and Wang Fei's bedroom, an hour and a half's talk
（说明：表示两个名词共有一样东西时，在第二个名词后面加's） 7、Jim's and Peter's desks; Joe's and David's books
（说明：表示两个名词各有的东西时，在各个名词后都加's。） 2）名词词语辨析
区别部分名词词语辨析：
voice（一般指音质、音调、音量等）, noise（一般指噪音）, sound（普通的声音）, music（不可数名词）；home, house, family, country（国家，农村）；place , floor（地板）, room , ground（地面）work（不可数）, job（可数） 3、易错点
1）Help yourself to _________.
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken 2)________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather 3) Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe‘s factory D. shoes‘ factory 4) This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
1）答案: C (选择A的同学要注意chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数)
2）答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意weather不可数. 选择C和D的同学要注意weather是名词, 要用what来感叹.) 3）答案: A. (选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)
4）答案: A. (选择B的同学要注意, 当这种概念名词当 ―人‖讲的时候要做复数处理.类似的还有: the police are running after the thief等)。 第二部分：强化练习 一、单项选择 1、基础题
1. ---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange? ---Orange, please.
A. hamburger B. chip C. coke D. icecream 2．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ? --- Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 3．The ________are going to fly to Beijing.
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans 4．What‘s your _______ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news
5．--- It‘s dangerous here. We‘d better go out quickly. --- But I think we should let _______ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children
6．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign ―_______ ‖on the door of his shop. --- Thanks.
A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
7．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ? A. Children‘s Day B. Childrens‘s Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 8． are cleaned every day.
A. Our classroom of windowsB. Our classroom windows
C. Our classroom of windowsD. The windows of our classroom 9．There is still orange here, but people want to drink it. A. little, little B. a little, fewC. a little, a few D. a few, little 10．I have never read any books of .
A. Luxun's B. Mark Twain C. Charles Dickens D. Bill Gates 提高题
1．Twelve were hurt, but no were lost in that accident. A. person, life B. people, livesC. peoples, lives D. persons, life 2． One of the family on the bed.
A. photos is B. photoes areC. photos are D. photoes is
3．There are some foreigners talking in the room. They are two ,three and two . A. Japanese; Englishmen; GermansB. Japanese; Englishman, German
C. Japaneses; Englishmen, GermansD. Japanese, Englishmen, Germen 4．The sign ―BUSINESS HOURS‖ can be seen in a . A. shop B. schoolC. park D. museum 5． mother made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter's and Anne'sC. Peter's and Anne D. Peter and Anne's 6．-Please help me move the table in. -But there is not enough for it.
A. place B. floorC. room D. ground 7．These _________ have saved many children‘s lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
8．Yesterday Xiao Min bought a new pair of .It is made of . A. glass; glass B. glasses; glass C. glasses; glasses D. glass; glasses 9．-How does Mr Smith go to his office?
-Every morning he takes a to his office.
A.20 minutes walk B.20 minute's walkC.20 minute walk D.20 minutes' walk 10． I went to the shop to buy a dictionary. A. book B. books C. book's D. books' 11．-Do you think selling vegetables ? -Yes, but my mother likes it very much.
A. is a hard work B. are hard workC. is hard work D. is hard job
12．You should take more _______. Don‘t always sit at the desk busy doing your_______. A. exercise， exercise B. exercises， exercises C. exercises， exercise D. exercise， exercises
13．She was born in Wuhan，but Beijing has become her second_______ . A. home B. family C. house D. country 14．_____ day we‘re having today!
A. What a fine B. How fine C. What fine a D. What fine 15．What did the headmaster say about Jim‘s ______? A. two-months holiday B. two months‘ holidays C. two-month holiday D. two month‘s holiday 16．一Where is David?
一Oh, he is reading___ under the tall tree in the garden．
A．several papers B．several paper C．a piece of paper D．a paper 17．一The Internet is so convenient that we can get all ________we wanted. —That‘s right. It is very helpful in our lives now. A．the information B．an information C．the informations D．information 18．--- What about Mr．Black‘s speech?
--- Wonderful! There were ____ people there．
A. a large number of B．much C.a great deal of D. lots 二、综合填空
Yesterday my mother went into a shop to buy some fruit and v 1 .She put her basket and her handbag down on a table and went to buy some apples. She was going to pay them when she found the handbag was gone! The basket was on the table, but the handbag was not. My mother was very surprised.
Suddenly there was a lot of n 2 at the door of the shop, and two p 3 came in. They were holding a
man and my m 4 bag. One of them asked my mother how m 5 money she had.
B：数词专项
第一部分：知识点分析 一、基数词
1）基数词读法： 年，月，日，时刻的读法，如2007年六月十三日读作：June (the) thirteenth, two thousand and seven
（主要体现在口语考试和听力题目中）
2）表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million, billion一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 3）在一些表示\一排\或\一组\的词组里；
如：They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。 4）表示\几十岁\， 例如：He died still in his forties． 5）表示\年代\，用 in +the +数词复数； 二、序数词
1）序数词主要用作定语，前面要加定冠词，例如： The first truck is carrying a foot baskets．
2）序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示―再一‖，―又一‖这样的意思，例如： We'll have to do it a second time．
3) 注意较为容易拼写错误的序数词及其缩写形式：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。
缩写形式：first→1st second→2nd third→3rd fourth→4th twenty-second→22nd 4) 表示分数时，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。分子大于1时，分母加-s。例如： three fourths, one second, two fifths 2、难点 倍数表示法
主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。 3、易错点
1．We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month C. two month‘s D. two-months 2._______ trees are cut down in the forests every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 3. Our sports meeting will be held ________.
A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday C. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24
4. Our school will hold a sports meeting next week. Tom and I will be in boys' . A.800-metres-race B.800-metres raceC.800-metre race D.800 metre race 5. I'm very hungry, I have eaten two cakes, would you please give me one? A. move B. three C. a third D. the third
6. of the land in the world is covered by water.
A. Four three B. Three four C. Three fourth D. Three fourths 7. We will have holiday in the winter.
A. four weeks B. a four-week C. four week D. a four weeks
1. B (选择C的同学要注意应用two months‘; 选择D的同学要注意名词之间有 ―— ― 后的组合词当作形容词来用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)
2. D. (选择C的同学注意词组记忆的准确性)
3. C. (选B的同学是受到中文的影响, 要特别注意中英文的差异)
4. C. 800来修饰race,有两种表达法，800-metre race或800 metres' race. 5. C. 序数词前加不定冠词，表示―又一，再一‖，表示another。 6. D. 此题考查分数的写法，如果分子大于1，分母用复数。 7. B. 此题为一个四星期的假期，数词+名词用作定语。 第二部分：强化练习 一、单项选择 基础题
1． ---How many workers are there in your factory? ---There are two __________.
A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of
2． About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifths
3． ---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six? ---Yes, it is __________.
A. 856620 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 58626
4．. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________.
A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 1922 5．. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of 6．Mr Zhang teaches at Middle School. A. a No.5 B.No.5 C. the No.5th D.5th No 7．John lives on floor.
A. twenty B. twentieth C. the twentieth D. the twentyth 8．He has worked on the farm for years.
A. two and half B. two and a halfC. a half and two D. two halves and a 9．Xiao Mao and Da Mao are in .
A. team Fourth B. the team Four C. Team Four D. Four team 10．Sorry, had been sold out.
A. 42 size B. Size 42 C. the 42 size D. the size 42 提高题
1．It is said that SARS has killed more than ________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds B. three hundreds‘ C. three hundred‘s D. three hundred 2．-What do you think of a war, Li Ming?
-I‘ve no idea. But it‘s a fact that _______ people had to leave their hometown during the War on Iraq. A. three millions B. million of C. millions of D. several millions 3． We all think that the _______ century will bring us more hopes.
A. twenty-first B. twentieth-first C. twenty-one D. twentieth-one 4． Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______one. A. three B. third C. forth D. /
5. I heard the sports meeting has been put off until _______, hasn‘t it?
A. the 3 and 4 B. the 3th and 4 th C. the 3 rd and 4 th D. four and five 6. _______ of the earth _______ made up of oceans.
初中英语语法（精品讲练结合附答案）
