高中英语课件一短文改错专题讲座
过去分词的用法1 及物动词的过去分词作表语与句子主语是被动关系表示主语的状态既表示被动又表示完成
1 The cup is broken
茶
杯破了2 不及物动词的过去分词作表语与句子主语是主动关系表示主语的状态只表示动作的完成
2 He is retired
他已退休3 有些过3 The city is
去分词作表语时构成的谓语很接近被动结构surrounded on three sides by mountains
这座城市三面环山注意
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语主要是表示主语的状态而被动语态则表示动作sister yesterday
1 The cup was broken by my little
2
茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的是被动语态表示动作
图书馆关门了过去分词作表语注意过去
The library is now closed
分词表示被动或完成 -ing 形式表示主动或进行有些动词如interest bore worry surprise frighten
等通常用其过去分词形式
来修饰人用-ing 形式来修饰物3 The book is interesting and Im interested in it
这本书很有趣我对它很感兴趣过去分词作定语作
定语用的过去分词相当于形容词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词及物动词的过去分词作定语既表被动又表完成不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成1 过去分词用作定语如果是单个的常置于其所修饰的名词之前We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况
2 过去分词短语用作定语
时一般置于其所修饰的名词之后其意义相当于一个定语从句但较从
句简洁多用于书面语中The concert given by their friends was a
3 过去分词短语有时也可
success他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功用作非限制性定语前后常有逗号
1The meeting attended by over
他们举行了欢迎
five thousand people welcomed the great hero 英雄的大会到会的有五千多人
4 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转
移到修饰非人的事物这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关
2 The boy looked up with a pleased
1 过去分
expression 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视过去分词作状语词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作hurry this article was not so good 很好注意written
1 Written in a
因为写得匆忙这篇文章不是
为过去分词作状语表示这篇文章是被写的而且已
经被写值得注意的是有些过去分词因来源于系表结构作状语时不表被动而表主动这样的过去分词及短语常见的有hidden 躲stationed 驻扎lost absorbed in
lost 迷路seated 坐沉溺于born 出身于
dressed in 穿着tired of 厌烦2 Lost Absorbed in deep thought he didnt hear the sound
因为沉溺于思考之中所以他没听到那个声
音2 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语此时应注意人称一致1 Given another hour I can also work out this problem 给我一个小时我也能解这道题
given 为过去分词作状语它的逻辑主
再
语为主句主语I 即I 被再给一个小时2 Seen from the top of the hill the city looks more beautiful to us
从山顶看城市城市显
得更漂亮seen 为过去分词作状语表被看由语境可知它的逻辑主语必
须是城市而不是我们因为我们应主动看城市注意如果过去分词作状语时前面再加逻辑主语主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构given the bus started
信号一发出汽车就开动了
1 The signal the signal
是
given 的逻辑主语因此主句主语2 Her head held high she went by
the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了
she 就不再
1
过去her head 是held high 的逻辑主语因此主句主语是held high
的逻辑主语3 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句
Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 全身湿透了caught in a heavy rain
因为淋了一场大雨所以他为过去分词短语作原因状语它
来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain 2 Grown in rich soil these seeds can grow fast 这些种子能长得很快 grown in rich soil
如果种在肥沃的土壤里为过去分词作条件状语它
注
来源于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil 意状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词构成连词＋过去分词结构作状语When given a medical examination you should keep calm 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定
4 过去分词作状语的位置
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语后面有逗号与主句隔开也可放在主句后面前面有逗号与主句隔开
He stood there silently moved
to
tears Moved to tears he stood there silently 他静静地站在那
里被感动得热泪盈眶过去分词作宾语补足语一能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类1 表示感觉或心理状态的动词如
see watch
observe look at hear listen to feel notice thinkthe song sung in English
等1 I heard
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌过去分词
heard2 He found his hometown
changed的动作
sung的动作显然先于谓语动作
greatly changed 他发现他的家乡变化很大过去分词
显然先于谓语动作found2 表示致使意义的动词如have make get keep leave等1 Ill
have my hair cut tomorrow 明天我要理发2 He
got his tooth pulled out yesterday 他昨天把牙拔了3 Dont leave those things undone 要把那些事情做完注意过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系二使役动词
have接过去分词作宾补
1 He had his money
有两种情况1 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成stolen他的钱给偷了被别人偷去了
2 过去分词所表示的动作由句中
他的腿断了自己的经历
2
的主语所经历如2 He had his leg broken
Whats the language ___ in Germany A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak 简析该题应选B测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动等于定语从句which is spoken4 The computer centre ___ last year is very popular among the students in this school A open B opening C having opened D opened
简析该题应选D测试过去
which
分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后可以用非限制性定语从句was opened last year
代替5 The first textbooks ____ for
teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century A having written B to be written C being written D written
简析该题应选D测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动等于
定语从句which were written例 The murderer was brought in with
his hands ___ behind his back A being tied B having tied C to be tied D tied
简析很显然待选部分的逻辑主语是
his hands而
不是句子的主语The murderer而his hands 对于动词tie来说只能
是被动承受因此该题应选
DLinda worked for the Minnesota
Manufacturing and Mining Company ______ as 3M A knowing B known C being known D to be known 2 The disc digitally ________ in the studio sounded fantastic
at the party that night
A recorded B recording C to be recorded D having recorded 3 Dont use words expressions or phrases _______ only to people with specific
knowledge A being known B having been known C
to be known D known 4 The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract B smelling C
the visitors
to the beauty of nature A to smell
smelt D to be smelt Exercises 1 _____ black and
blue the lady couldnt move A Beaten B Beating C To be beaten D To beat 3 The teacher walked to lab _____ A followed by his students B his students followed C and followed by his
students D both A and B 4 When _______ into the warm room ice soon changes into water A heating and taking B heated and taking C heating or taken D heated or taken 7 She was sad because of ___ any chance left A there being not B there not being C not there being D there was not 8 Dont use words
expressions or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge 上海2002 A being known B having been known C to be known D known 1 5 ____ these pictures I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the top of a thirty-stored building Beijing looks more magnificent A Seeing seen B Seen seeing C Seeing seeing D Seen seen 1 7 Unless __ to speak you should remain silent at the conference A invited B inviting C
being invited D
having invited 18 When
__ the museum will be open to the public next year A completed B completing C being completed D to be completed 1 9 ___ in 1636 Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States A Being found B It was founded C Founded D Founding 英语主动形式表被动意义的几种情况
1表示被动含义的主
1系动词taste sound look smell feel Your reason sounds
reasonable
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth
2一
些与cant 或wont wouldnt 连用的动词常用的有 lock shut open act 等 The door wont wouldnt open
sell wash
It cant wouldnt move 3
高中英语课件（二）代词短文改错复习教学课件与非谓语动词的用法讲解过去分词的用法
