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英语基础知识复习资料
专题一 句子成分 1.主语：动作的发出者，或：一个句子中的陈述对象。 He laughed. Swimming is interesting. 拓展： He laughs best who laughs last. Swimming is interesting. His words are true. What he said is true. 2.谓语：主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。 He is lying on the ground. 拓展： He is crying now. I have seen the movie before. 3.宾语：动作的对象或承受者或内容。 I love English. 拓展： I love him. I love dancing. I want to see you. I believe your words. I believe what you said. 4.宾补：补充、说明宾语的成分。 He gradually found English interesting. We all choose him monitor. 拓展： He gradually found English interesting. We all choose him monitor. The hotel makes me at ease. The teacher told me to leave at once.
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Can you see the girl dancing over there?
I saw the boy taken to the office. 1 怎么辨别“主—谓—宾—宾”和“主—谓—宾—宾补”？ 宾语和宾补之间其实是主谓关系。 He calls me uncle.[→I am his uncle] I saw him taken away.[→He was taken away.] I found him in the room.[→He was in the room.] 而两个宾语之间不存在主谓关系： He gave me a book.[不能理解为：*I am a book.] 5.表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态的成分,位于系动词后面。 He is a teacher. He is tired. 拓展： He is a teacher. (名词) My hobby is swimming. (动名词) He looks nice. (形容词) My suggestion is that you start at once. (表语从句) 表语通常位于系动词后。英语中有哪些系动词呢？ “是”:be, prove, turn out; remain; stay; keep; “变得”：become, get, turn, go, fall; “感官”:feel, smell, sound, taste, look, seem, appear 系动词具有哪些特征呢？ ①后面通常跟形容词不跟副词。比较：
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She looks beautiful. She sings beautifully. ②不用被动形式。 错误：The dish is tasted delicious. 正确：The dish tastes delicious. 错误：Tasted nice, the dish was eaten up quickly. 正确：Tasting nice, the dish was eaten up quickly. 6.定语：修饰制名词的成分。 He is a careful driver. 拓展： Our chemistry teacher put a kind of
chemical substance on the desk. 2 He is a careful driver. He is a driver who drives carefully. I know the boy wearing a jacket. I like the boy who is wearing a jacket. I like the books written by Lu Xun. I like the books that were written by Lu Xun. 7.状语：修饰制动词、形容词和句子的成分。 I visited the Great Wall yesterday. (时间状语) 拓展： He studies hard. (副词) He could dance at the age of seven. (介词短语) He could dance when he was seven. (从句) I am sorry for coming late. (介词短语) I am sorry because I am late. (从句) 8.同位语：句子
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中指代同一事物的另外一个名词短语或名词性从句。 I am Li Hua, Chairman of the Students’ Union. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is well-known. 拓展： Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of mine. (名词短语) We students should respect teachers. (名词短语) Longhu Lake, the largest lake in Henan, attracts many visitors every year. (名词短语) He made a promise that he would give me a bike on my birthday. ( 同位语从句) 判断同位语：若两个名词性成分之间加个be成立，则二者为同位关系。 9.插入语：插入语是插在句子中独立于其他成分的一个词、短语、或从句。 Reading will, no doubt, enlarge your vocabulary. 拓展： Generally/ In general/ Generally speaking, the more you eat, the fatter you will be. To make matters worse, he failed again. Reading, no doubt, can broaden our horizons. 插入语通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,与句
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子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系。 专题二 简单句 1.简单句：只有一个主语部分和谓语部分的句子叫简单句。有五大基本句型： 3 ①主—谓：He left. ②主—谓—宾：He left Beijing. ③主—谓—宾—宾：He left his son a large fortune. ④主—谓—宾—宾补：The earthquake left many people homeless. ⑤主—系—表：He is tall. “系—表”结构也叫谓语部分。 拓展： 不难看出：一个简单句，有且仅有一个谓语动词。 2.省略句 在口语中，上文已经出现的信息或者谈话双方都知道的信息不必重复；这就形成了省略句。 下面的句子属于哪种句型？ ① Good idea! ② Good morning! ③ Sounds great! ④ How clever! ⑤ Any other questions? ⑥ Stand up! 【答案】 ①“主—系—表”，前面省略了It is a ②“主—系—表”，前面省略了It is a ③“主—系—表”，前面省略了It ④“主—系—表”，后面省略了you are ⑤“主—谓—
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英语基础知识复习资料
