Module 5 Ethnic Culture Section Ⅲ Grammar-过去分词作状语和
短语动词
语法图解
探究发现
①Seen from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.
②Not invited, he became very disappointed.
③Completely rebuilt, the town would not be so interesting.
④Beaten by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other. ⑤Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.
⑥The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain, its peak covered with snow.
⑦A big fire broke out last night in that village. ⑧When he read the book, he came across many new words. [我的发现]
(1)①～⑤句中，黑体部分均在句中作状语，分别表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随。 (2)由②句可知，过去分词作状语时，其否定形式通常是在分词前加not。 (3)⑥句中分词作状语，有自己独立的主语，这叫独立主格结构。 (4)⑦⑧句中黑体部分为短语动词。
一、过去分词(短语)作状语 1．定义
及物动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成的意义，功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。
(1)过去分词作时间状语时，可转换为when, while, after或before引导的时间状语从句。
Asked (＝When she was asked) her future plans, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.
当问到未来的计划时， 这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。
(2)过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。 Frightened (＝Because/As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone.
因为被老虎吓着了， 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。
(3)过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if, unless或once等引导的条件状语从句。 Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
Given (＝If we were given) more time, we could do it better. 如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。
[名师点津] 此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理。
(4)过去分词作让步状语时，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Left (＝Although he was left) at home, John didn’t feel afraid at all. 虽然John被单独留在家里， (但是)他一点都不害怕。
(5)过去分词作状语表示伴随、方式或状态时，不能转换为状语从句，但是可转换为并列谓语或并列分句。
The teacher entered the classroom, followed (＝and he was followed) by a group of students.
老师进入教室，后面跟着一群学生。
(6)作方式状语，如有连词 as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；也可以转换为并列结构。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.
＝He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。
(7)过去分词作结果状语(相当于结果状语从句)。
He failed in the competition, blamed by his companions.
＝He failed in the competition, so that he was blamed by his companions. 他在比赛中失败了，受到了同伴的责备。
[名师点津] 过去分词(短语)作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义，有时可在过去分词(短语)前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although等连词，即我们通常所说的状语从句的省略。
If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing. 假如仅靠你的想象去描绘，报告是不会有说服力的。 Once (it is) seen, it will not be forgotten. 只要看见了就不会忘记它。 [即时演练1] (1)句型转换
①Because she was born in a poor family, Nadia had only two years of schooling. →Borninapoorfamily,_Nadia had only two years of schooling.
②Though he is encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
→Encouragedbyhisparents,_he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
③The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse. →The patient wassupportedbythenurse and got off the bed. (2)完成句子
①(2016·北京高考改编)Ordered_over_a_week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。 ②Caught_in_a_heavy_rain,_he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
③Watered_more,_these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的更好。
④(安徽高考改编)Founded_in_the_early_20th_century,_the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
这所建于20世纪初期的学校一直激励孩子们对艺术的热爱。 2．过去分词作状语需注意的几个问题
(1)过去分词、现在分词和不定式作状语的区别：一般说来，过去分词作状语，和句子主语是被动关系；现在分词作状语，和句子主语是主动关系；不定式作状语，一般表示目的。请比较：
Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful. 从塔顶上看，这座城市更漂亮。(主语the city和see之间是被动关系)
Seeing from the top of the tower, we can get a wonderful view of our city. 从塔顶我们可以饱览城市的美景。(主语we和see之间是主动关系)
To get a wonderful view of our city, we climbed to the top of the tower.
为了饱览城市的美景， 我们爬上了塔顶。(不定式表示目的)
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致，请体会下列例句： 当被问及为什么会迟到时，她的脸涨得通红。 ①Asked why she was late, her face went red.(×) ②Asked why she was late, she went red in the face.(√) 小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩处。
①If caught, the police will punish the thief. (×) ②If caught, the thief will be punished by the police. (√)
(3)有些分词已成为固定结构，当使用时应按固定结构对待，不必考虑它们与主语的关系。常见的有以下几种：
judging by/from ...“根据……判断；由……断定”； generally/honestly/frankly speaking“一般/老实/坦率说来”；provided (that) ... (＝providing that ...)“假如……；在……条件下”； given ...“倘若……；假定……等”； considering (that) ...“考虑到……”； supposing (that) ...“如果……”
Judging by/from his accent, he must be from the South. 从他的口音判断，他一定是南方人。
I will agree to go provided/providing that you go with me. 假如你陪我一起去，我就同意去。 (4)独立主格结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致。但当分词逻辑主语与主句主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。
这种“名词/代词＋动词-ing/动词-ed”结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与动词-ing/动词-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或动作正在进行，选择现在分词；如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。
Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 春天来了，树变绿了。
The question settled, they felt released. 问题解决了，他们感觉轻松了。
[即时演练2]
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Compared (compare) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
②When first introduced_(introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
③Having finished the interview, the manager went to his office, followed (follow) by the interviewer.
④Finding (find) her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. ⑤Driven (drive) by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more greenhouses.
(2)单句改错
①Judged by/from her dresses, she must be from a rich family. Judged→Judging ②I will agree to the project, provide that my expenses are paid. provide→provided/providing
③Facing with so many difficulties, he had a hard time those days. Facing→Faced或去掉with
④(全国卷改编)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitted.permitted→permitting
二、短语动词 1．动词＋副词
该类短语动词有的只可用作及物动词，有的只可用作不及物动词，有的既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
He brought up his children strictly. 他严格教育孩子们。(及物)
Something unexpected has turned up. 出现了令人意外的情况。(不及物) The barrel of gunpowder blew up. 火药桶爆炸了。(不及物)
The soldiers blew up the bridge. 士兵们把桥炸毁了。(及物)
[名师点津] 在“动词＋副词”的词组中宾语位置：宾语是名词，则可置于副词后面，亦可置于动词和副词之间。宾语是代词，只能置于动词和副词之间。
[即时演练3] (1)写出下列短语动词 ①break_down ②give_up ③bring_up
坏了；垮了；分解 放弃 抚养；教育
2017-2018学年高中英语Module5EthnicCultureSectionⅢGrammar-过去分词作状语和短语动词教学案外研版选修7
