必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes
李仕才
一、阅读理解 A
Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawn-out increases in blood pressure can cause long-term health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.
“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle— what we know as that “pins_and_needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上(跷二郎腿)的习惯，这种行为会导致一些健康问题。
【难句分析】The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate.(第二段第
1
二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。两个that引导的都是表语从句，“making it...to circulate”为现在分词短语作结果状语。
译文：这是因为腿部的血液要回流到心脏，就要与重力对抗，并且把一条腿放在另一条腿上会加剧这种对抗，这使得血液循环更难了。
1．What can we learn about crossing one's legs? A．It is a very bad social habit， B．It can do harm to people's health. C．It is usually practiced deliberately. D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.
答案与解析：B'考查细节理解。根据文章前三段内容可知，人们将一条腿放在另一条腿上(跷二郎腿)会使血压上升，给腿部和脚部的某些神经带来压力，引起健康问题。故选B项“它可能对人们的健康有害处”。
2．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can ________. A．affect your blood pressure B．resist gravity effectively C．lead to heart attacks easily D．improve the function of legs
答案与解析：A'考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，一项研究表明跷二郎腿会影响血压。故选A。
3．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means ________. A．being highly flexible B．being a little tired C．serious muscle injuries D．slight sharp pains
答案与解析：D'考查词义猜测。根据上文可知，将一条腿放到另一条腿上所产生的这种压力会使得脚部、腿部某些肌肉无知觉、麻痹。故选D项“轻微的刺痛”。
4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To compare common habits.
B．To evaluate the effects of an experiment. C．To give readers some advice. D．To introduce research methods.
答案与解析：C'考查写作意图。通读文章内容可知，文章介绍将一条腿放在另一条腿上所导致的健康问题，旨在建议读者不要跷二郎腿。故选C
B
2
Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有机体), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a nonspecific but stable change. For many people, the hightech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.
In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.
However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fastgrowing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses. 1.The passage mainly talks about________.
3
A. the world's food problem
B. the development in biotech
C. the genetically modified foods D. the way to solve food shortages
2.According to the passage, GM foods________. A. will replace naturally grown foods B. are far better than naturally grown foods C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries
3.The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably
means that________.
A.GM foods are available everywhere
B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers
D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets 4.What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods? A. Enthusiastic. C. Disapproving.
B. Cautious.
D. Unbelievable.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。 1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadays more and more people
are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。
2.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Genetic engineering is widely used to produce
plants and animals with better nutritional values.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。
4.B 【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However, like any new product entering the
food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。
4
二、七选五
(2018·广东省广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一)
We've all experienced peer pressure (同伴压力). It happens to everybody. However, people have different reactions. Confident people refuse to do things they don't want to do, but shy and anxious people often give in. It may be because they want to be liked. It may be because they worry that their friends will make fun of them, or perhaps they're just curious about trying something new. __1__.
It's hard being the only one who says no and the question is: how do you do it? __2__ If you think that missing maths, or smoking, or going somewhere you know your parents wouldn't like is a bad idea then the answer is simple: don't do it. It's your decision, nobody else's. You don't need to be aggressive. You don't need to shout and scream, but you must be confident and you must be firm. You need to say, “No thanks. I don't want to do that.”
Being on your own against everybody else is very hard, so it can really help to have at least one other peer, or friend, who will say no too. __3__ You want friends who will support you when you're in trouble. You don't want people who will always agree with the majority. Remember, the most popular people aren't always the most trustworthy.
__4__ You can learn a lot from people of your own age. They can teach you great football skills or the best way to do your maths homework. They can recommend music and advise you on fashion. And don't forget you can tell them things too, and that always feels great. So, find friends who have similar interests. And remember, friendship isn't about feeling depressed and guilty. __5__
A．Choose your friends carefully.
B．Firstly, you must decide what you believe in. C．It's about sharing experiences and having fun. D．Of course, peer pressure isn't completely bad. E．It may be because they were all born to be stubborn. F．Depression and guilt will surely give you peer pressure.
G．Whatever the reason, some people end up doing things they really don't want to do.
【文章大意】 自信的人通常选择拒绝做不乐意做的事情，而害羞和焦虑的人通常会选择接受。本文介绍了如何学会拒绝并解释了如何从来自同伴的压力中学习。
5
2019高考英语一轮选训习题Unit4EarthqUnitakes（含解析）新人教版必修1
