2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案
Directions:
Sect ion I Use of En glish
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1
the ability to make judgments which
are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 crime might be more
likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day 。
, he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the should not depend on the few others Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 9 of an applicant 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. 。
12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews
had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant ' s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion
Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her 。
Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one
17 that, then the score for the next applicant 19 the effects of such a 20 。
would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been
4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]ln principle [D]Above all 1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers
2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external
3. [A] issue
[B]vision [C]picture [D]external
5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless
6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7. [A] if [B] until
[C] though [D] unless
8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share
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[D]success
9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D]success
10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified
11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14. [A] put [B] got [C]gave [D] took
15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather
16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
20. [A] promising
[B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn deep blue color of the assistant
' t affect her, Priestly explains how the
' s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments
stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment
。
' t be more out of date or at odds with the
This top- down conception of the fashion business couldn feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline
'-yeah redictment of “ fast fashion ” . In
the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although
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they don ' t advertise thaand to renew+heir wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace 。
The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals
。
' s answer^hotivsilsbesesellers like Michael Pollan
s The
Overdressed is the fashion world
Omnivore ' s Dilemma. -prbdUassd clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non- durable and wasteful, -about 64 items per person
” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year -and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste
。
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes
—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first
be knocked off 。
' t
to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment -including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line
-Cline believes lasting change
can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can
' t afford not to
。
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill 。
[B] insensitivity to fashion 。
[C] obsession with high fashion 。
[D] lack of imagination 。
22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste 。
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world 。
[C] resist the influence of advertisements 。
[D] shop for their garments more frequently
。
23. The word \indictment ” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
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[A] accusation
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[B] enthusiasm [C] indifference 。
[D] tolerance 。
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists
。
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability 。
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments
。 。
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle 。
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth 。
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry 。
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret 。
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows
which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim buy。
“ behavikeirato
ads at those m
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a \
\Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests 。
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default 。
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2013年考研英语1真题答案与解析
