29. A. hopefully B. cautiously C. continuously D. desperately 30. A. told B. comforted C. discouraged D. supported 31. A. food B. pleasure C. warmth D. help
32. A. passed out B. passed away C. passed off D. passed by 33. A. warm B. generous C. proud D. brave 34. A. easy B. tough C. interesting D. dull 35. A. which B. that C. one D. it
三、阅读理解
Passage A
We often use the words “growth” and “development” as if they meant basically the same thing. But this may not always be the case. One can easily imagine instances in which a country has achieved higher levels of income (growth) with little or no benefit coming to most of its citizens (development).
In the past, most development policies were aimed at increasing the growth rate of income per capita. Many are still based on the theory that benefit of economic growth will come to all members of society. If this theory is correct, growth should encourage development. By the early 1970s, however, the relationship between growth and development was being questioned. A major study by the World Bank in 1974 concluded that it is now clear that more than decades of rapid growth in developing countries has been of little benefit to a third of their population.
The World Bank study showed that increase in GNP per capita did not promise important improvements in such development indicators as nutrition, health, and education. Although GNP per capita did indeed rise, its benefit came down to only a small part of the population. This realization gives rise to a call for new development policies. These new policies favor agriculture over industry, call for national redistribution of income and wealth, and encourage programs to satisfy such basic needs as food and shelter.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the international macroeconomic crises of high oil prices, worldwide recession and the third world debt forced attention away from programs designed to get rid of poverty. However, the lesson remains: economic growth does not promise
economic development. Efforts may be required to change growing output capacity into economic benefit that reaches most of a nation’s people.
1. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the relationship between growth and development
A. Growth and development refer to the same thing. B. Growth always brings about development. C. Development is not a necessary result of growth. D. Development is a reliable measure of growth.
2. Before the 1970s, most development policies were based on theory that economic growth would benefit ________. A. most people in society B. some people in society C. few people in society D. everyone in society
3. According to the study by the World Bank in 1974, economic growth in some backward countries brought ________.
A. benefit to a third of their population B. benefit to two thirds of their population C. little benefit to their people D. no benefit at all to their people
4. What does the word “recession” (Paragraph 5) most probably mean A. prosperity B. decline C. fluctuation D. resurgence
5. If the passage continues, what would the author most likely discuss in the next paragraph A. How to turn growth into development. B. How to remove poverty from society. C. How to decrease the third world debt. D. How to cope with economic crises.
Passage B
It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear bright clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos to make some kind of social statement.
The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. The people who comprehend the simple principle of being unique through performance make our entire political and economic system work. Those who invent, who improve, who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesn't work and make it work-----these people are the very soul of capitalism. Charles Kettering didn't like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles. Lewis Waterman saw no need to go on dipping a pen into an inkwell, so he put the ink into the pen. George Westinghouse told the world how to stop a train, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city skyline. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of one’s capacity.
Fortunately, enough Americans have been inspired to do something with their
uniqueness that we have developed in less than three centuries from a frontier outpost into not only a country of freedom but a country strong enough to protect that freedom. These people prized the notions of individuality and excellence above all things and thus kept the great machine functioning. The ones with the purple hair and the horrible jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be “different” and not knowing how to go about it.
The student who earns A’s on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who paints pictures of the world around him, or who can name all the states and their capitals.
6. According to the author, unique individuals are persons who _________. A. do something better than other people B. know more about a subject than other people C. excel others in work D. all of the above
7. People who regard individuality as a surface thing always do the following EXCEPT ______.
A. wearing bright clothes B. coloring their hair C. doing better than others D. decorating their skin with tattoos
8. Which is NOT true according to the passage A. Henry Ford invented assembly-line technique. B. Elisha Otis was the inventor of the lift C. George Westinghouse created cranks. D. Lewis Waterman put the ink into the pen. 9. It can be inferred from the passage that _________. A. the real secret to being unique lies in our excellent work B. if we want to be different we'd gain more profit
C. the student who earns A’s on the report card has not grasped the real meaning of individuality D. all Americans work miracles
10. In the writer's opinion, who has understood the sense of individuality A. The youngster who designed his own spaceship. B. The youngster who painted worthy pictures.
C. The youngster who was interested in wearing strange clothes. D. Both A and B.
Passage C
Ask most people how they define the American Dream, and chances are they will say, “Success.” The dream of individual opportunity has been home in American since Europeans discovered a new world in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a classless society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers. In Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote: We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered and unrestrained, because each person works for himself.... We have no princes, for whom we toil，starve, and bleed. We are the most perfect society now existing in the world. The promise of a land where the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor
drew poor immigrants from Europe and fueled national expansion into the western territories.
Our national mythology is full of illustration the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin, the very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from modest origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The notion of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to make a fortune in real estate with no money down, and dressing for success. The myth of success has even invaded our personal relationships: today it is as important to be successful in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.
However, dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to make it also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success inevitably implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in status symbols: we try to live in the right neighborhoods, wear the right clothes, eat the right foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe strongly in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.
11. What is the essence of the American Dream according to Crevecoeur A. People are free to develop their power of imagination. B. People who are honest and work hard can succeed. C. People are free from exploitation and oppression. D. People can fully enjoy individual freedom.
12. By saying “the rewards of a man’s industry follow with equal steps the progress of his labor” (Paragraph 1), the author means __________. A. the more diligent one is, the bigger his returns B. laborious work ensures the growth of an industry C. a man’s business should be developed step by step D. a company’s success depends on its employees’ hard work
13. The characters described in Horatio Alger’s novels are people who ________. A. succeed in real estate investment
年上外杯上海市高三学生英语竞赛复赛试卷及答案
