carrot-and-stick system of rewards and punishments. Employees are rewarded for good performance, and penalized for performing badly.
According to Pink, the carrot-and-stick approach usually works well in situations where workers are performing simple, routine tasks, like checking products on an assembly line or packing boxes. But for jobs that require creativity, and deeper, more complex thinking, such as writing or designing, employers need to take a different approach
Pink says it is important to recognize people are not as motivated by external factors like cash rewards as they are by things that interest them. He calls these intrinsic or internal motivators. “Intrinsic motivator is doing something for the sake of the activity itself. So you play the banjo because you like to play the banjo. Extrinsic motivator is doing something in order to get a reward. So I might work really hard because whoever with the most sales will get a $100 gift card.”
According to Pink, intrinsic motivators can be broken down into three components: The first is autonomy, that is, self-direction. Another one is mastery, that is, our desire to become better at something that matters, and finally,
purpose, which is to do what we do in service of something larger than ourselves.
\whole range of things,\says Pink, \on the more creative, conceptual, complex things that more and more people in this country, in the United States, in Western Europe, in Canada, in Australia, in Japan in much of the industrialized world are doing.\
Pink goes on to explain the importance of autonomy in situations where people are in restricted environments:
\eastern, modern, ancient -- is that human beings typically resist control.\
Pink believes the greatest things that have happened in human civilization have been the result of people being able to do what they wanted to do and how they wanted to do it:
\great pieces of art, most great pieces of music, many great architectural triumphs, many great technological innovations, the things that last and endure, are often the product, obviously, of human ingenuity, but also the product of the autonomy that allowed people to be ingenious,\he says.
Another element of intrinsic motivation, says Pink, is the mastery. \get better at stuff. There is a Harvard business school research that the biggest motivator at work - by far - is making progress. That are the days that people feel most engaged, most motivated, are the days when they've made some progress in their work.\
Pink says that’s why it is so important managers recognize and validate progress in their employee’s work.
“In my view, the manager's great roles is to help people see their progress, and to recognize progress and celebrate progress. Making progress is one of those things that [make up] the virtuous circle, so that if you make progress one day, you're more likely to be motivated, which makes it more likely that you'll make progress the next day.\
And beyond progress, says Pink, there's a third element of intrinsic motivation, the universal human desire for a sense of purpose.
\matters in some way,\some super transcendent eliminate-green-house-gases from the atmosphere way, but can be simply writing a great story
that helps people understand their world a little bit better; or creating a product that makes people live their lives a little easier, or creating something that brings beauty to somebody's life.\
Daniel Pink believes that as we learn more about the science of human motivation, society will adapt.
Author Daniel Pink says today's business managers, facing the increasingly competitive pressures of a global marketplace, may be more inclined than ever before to question traditional attitudes about what motivates, and ultimately fulfills us, as humans.
Part 2 Passage Exercise B Dictation
1. Agreements among parties in a competing relationship can raise antitrust suspicions. Competitors may be agreeing to restrict competition among themselves.
2. Antitrust authorities must investigate the effect and purpose of an agreement to determine its legality.
3. Prices may increase if consumer demand for a product is particularly high and the supply is limited.
4. Recent cases involved a group of physicians charged with
using a boycott to prevent a managed care organization from establishing a competing health care facility in Virginia. 5. The FTC recently charged a group of auto dealers with restricting comparative and discount advertising to the detriment of consumers. Exercise C
1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F Script:
Agreements among parties in a competing relationship can raise antitrust suspicions. Competitors may be agreeing to restrict competition among themselves. Antitrust authorities must investigate the effect and purpose of an agreement to determine its legality.
竞争者间的横向协定： 相互之间有竞争关系的市场主体间的协定很可能引起反托拉斯当局的怀疑。竞争们可能协商在他们自己之间进行限制竞争。反托拉斯当局需要通过调查该协定的影响和目的来确认其合法性。
Agreements about price or price-related matters such as credit terms potentially are the most serious. That’s because price often is the principal way that firms compete. A \reasonably related to the firms’ business operations -- is
施心远主编听力教程4(第2版)Unit5答案
