专题09 形容词和副词比较等级易错点解题方法
英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和高最级。比较级主要用于两者比较,最高级主要用于多者比较。注意:不能使用双重比较等级。即构成比较级时不能既加词尾-er,又在其前加more;构成最高级时不能既在词尾加-est,又在其前加most,如不能说more better, most earliest 等。不过“比较级+and+比较级”这样的形式却完全可用。如:I am getting fatter and fatter. 我越来越胖了。
使用比较等级要注意合乎逻辑,高考常见考点及解题方法: 考点1:原级比较一般结构 as … as ; not as … as ; the same … as ; There are as good fish in the sea ___ ever came out of it. A. than B. like C. as D. so 【答案】: C.
【解析】:最佳答案C. as. 结构 as … as ; 意思是:.海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。
考点2:A is to B what / as X is Y ; 1. Nine is to three____ three is to one. A. when B. that C. which D. what 【答案】D
【解析】:最佳答案D. what。固定句型。意思是:九比三就像三比一。 2. Intellect is to the mind ___ sight is to the body. A. what B. as C. that D. Like 【答案】A
【解析】:最佳答案A. what 。意思是:知识之于心灵,犹如视力之于身体。 考点3:倍数或几分之几。
1. A new laptop costs about ____ of a second-hand one.
A. the price of three times B. three times the price C. as much as the three times price D. three times more than the price
【答案】B
【解析】:最佳答案 B. three times the price。意思是:一台新笔记本电脑的价格大约是二手笔记本电脑的两倍。
2. The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ___ the size of St. Peter's in Rome. A. / . B. that of . C. which is. D. of 【答案】A
【解析】:最佳答案A. /。意思是:广场本身有五百码宽,是罗马圣彼得大教堂的五倍大。 3. Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they eat twice _____ they did before their diet. A.more than B.as many as C.much than D.as much as 【答案】D.
【解析】:最佳答案D. as much as。意思是:一些节食者发现,节食结束后,他们的食量是节食前的两倍。
4. A person's blood flows through a pipeline of vessels that, end to end, would stretch more than____ half times around the Earth at the equator.1991
A. twice B. two and a C. two and D. twice and 【答案】B.
【解析】:最佳答案 B. two and a 。意思是:一个人的血液通过一条血管管道流动,这条管道的一端到另一端的长度是地球赤道的2.5倍以上.
考点4:more than 有很多种用法:
(1) more than “不仅是,非常,十分”等,用法和意义较多。 It was ___ success ___ we had hoped.
A. more a... than B. a ... more than C. as much of a .... as D. a ... as much as 【答案】B.
【解析】:最佳答案 B. a success more than。意思是: 这比我们所希望的要成功得多. (2) more …than “与其说……不如说,不是……而是”
Do you know Tim’s brother? He is ___ of a sportsman___ Tim.
A. much more ... than B. more ... than C. more than D. more a ...than 【答案】B.
【解析】:最佳答案 B。你认识蒂姆的哥哥吗?他比蒂姆更像一个运动员。 (3) no more than 仅仅;两者都不
Many play for fun, or for_____ their peers’ praise.
A. no more than B. any more than C. no less than D. much more than 【答案】:A.
【解析】:最佳答案A.no more than。许多人仅仅是为了好玩,或者最多是被同侪夸奖。 (4) not more than 不超过;前者不如后者
Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably _____a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.
A. no more B. not more C. even more D. much more 【答案】:B.
【解析】:最佳答案 B. not more。人口过剩对人类构成了严重的威胁。然而,它对人类的威胁可能并不比环境破坏更严重。
(5) no less than = as much as 意为:“竟有…之多,多达”强调多 (6) not less than 意为“不少于,至少”,客观地描述
. John is____ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. A. no less B. no more C. not less D. no so 【答案】A.
【解析】:最佳答案 A。 约翰和他妹妹一样用功,但他考试不及格。 考点5:在more … than 结构中,than 有时可看作关系代词,相当于than what… 1. The research requires more money than ______.
A. have been put in B. has been put in C. being put in D. to be put in 【答案】:B.
【解析】:最佳答案 B. has been put in 。这项研究需要的钱比投入的还要多。
2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _______ in the public mind today.
A. Exists B. Exist C. Existing D. to exist 【答案】A.
【解析】:最佳答案 A. Exists 。人们不应该像现在公众认为的那样对登山的潜在风险感到焦虑。 考点6:so much as用在否定句中:与其说,不如说
1. It is not___ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand. A. that B. as C. so D. very 【答案】C.
【解析】:最佳答案 C。使这本书难以理解的与其说是语言不如说是背景。
2. That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ___ by his lack of talent. A. so much as B. rather than C. as D. than
【答案】A.
【解析】:最佳答案 A. so much as。那个吹小号的人确实很大声。但我并不为他的吵闹而烦恼,而是为他缺乏才能而烦恼。 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better 【答案】A.
【解析】容易误选D,认为最高级前要用定冠词。其实此题最佳答案为A,该句可视为…I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略,全句句意为“她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音”。请再看以下类似的实例:
He is fine, never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱,我从未见过这样好看的鸟。 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _____ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better 【答案】C.
【解析】容易误选D。此题首先不宜选B或D,因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和best known,有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known,但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是选A还是C,这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象,故应选比较级。
3. You are _____ careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill. A. not more B. no more C. not less 【答案】B.
【解析】容易误选A。要做对此题,首先要正确理解以下结构的含义: not more … than = 不如……; no more … than = 和……一样不 (否定两者) not less A than = 比…A得多; no less … than = 和……一样 (肯定两者)
通过以上分析,再结合句子语境和句意:“你和你哥哥一样不小心。你们两个不能做这项需要细心和技巧的工作”。可知此题最佳答案为B。
4. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is ____ than fat.” A. Short B. shorter C. more short 【答案】C.
D. shortest D. no less D. the most
D. the best
【解析】容易误选B。句的意思:”但是我认为他更矮而不是胖。” 认为 short为单音节形容词,故用-er构成比较级。其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题,得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起: (1) 异类同质比较:即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如: My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。
(2) 同类异质比较:即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较,这类句子常译为“(更多的)是……,而不是”、“与其……不如……”等。如: He was more lucky than clever.他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。
She was mare surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。
This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片,而不是西部片。
按英语习惯,在进行同类异质比较时,只能用more构成比较级,不能用-er形式,即使是单音节词也是如此。 ◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. In my apartment there are two rooms, _____ is used as a living room.
A. larger one B. the larger of which C. the largest one D. the largest of which 【答案】B.
【解析】选B,由于是两个房间,即是两者比较,故宜用比较级,因此排除C和D;又由于两句之间没有连词,故不宜选A。注:若在空格前加上and 一词,则要选A。 2. “Are you satisfied with his answer?” “Not at all. It couldn’t have been ____.” A.better B. worse C. more 【答案】B.
【解析】选B。此题关键是要理解 Not at all 的意思。根据上文语境,Not at all 为 I am not satisfied at all with his answer 之省略,即表示“我对他的回答一点也不满意”,既然如此,他的回答当然会是 It couldn’t have been worse(不可能更糟)。
3. I’m _____ at sums than Jean, but better at history. A. more B. less C. worse 【答案】C.
【解析】选 C,句意为“我的算术比琼差,但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词 but 及其后的 better。 4. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnic — it rained nonstop. A. a worse B. a worst C. the worse 【答案】A.
D. the worst
D. cleverer D. less