木材加工企业职业病危害防治技术规范
Technical specification for prevention and control of
occupational diseases for wood industry
AQ/T 4251—20××
目录
前言 ················································································································· II 1 范围 ·························································································································· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ·········································································································· 1 3 术语和定义················································································································· 1 3.1 木材干燥 WOOD DRYING ···························································································· 1 3.2 木塑复合 WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE ············································································· 1 3.3 木材改性WOOD MODIFICATION ···················································································· 2 3.4 木材防腐 WOOD PRESERVATION ··················································································· 2 3.5 木材热处理 WOOD THERMAL MODIFICATION ··································································· 2 4 基本要求 ···················································································································· 2 5 厂区选址、厂区布置、厂房设计 ····················································································· 2 5.1 厂区选址 ··············································································································· 2 5.2 厂区布置 ··············································································································· 2 5.3 厂房设计 ··············································································································· 3 6 工艺设计及设备选择 ···································································································· 3 7 材料输送和存储 ·········································································································· 3 8 主要有害因素的控制 ···································································································· 4 8.1 粉尘危害控制 ········································································································· 4 8.1.1 生产性粉尘的来源 ····························································································· 4 8.1.2 粉尘控制措施 ··································································································· 4 8.2 化学毒物 ··············································································································· 4 8.2.1 化学毒物的来源 ································································································ 4 8.2.2 毒物控制措施 ··································································································· 4 8.3 噪声 ····················································································································· 4 8.3.1 生产性噪声的来源 ····························································································· 4 8.3.2 噪声控制措施 ··································································································· 4 8.4 电磁辐射 ··············································································································· 5 8.4.1 辐射来源 ········································································································· 5 8.4.2 控制措施 ········································································································· 5 9 个体防护 ···················································································································· 5 10 事故应急 ·················································································································· 5 11 职业卫生管理与教育 ··································································································· 5 12 职业健康监护 ············································································································ 6 附 录 A （资料性附录） 职业病危害因素列举 ··································································· 7 A.1 木材加工企业主要工段职业病危害因素列举 ·································································· 7
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前言
本标准编制依据GB/T 1.1-2009给出的规则起草。 本标准由××提出。
本标准由××（SAC/TC288/SC）归口。 本标准起草单位：××。 本标准主要起草人：××。 本标准为首次发布。
本标准附录A为资料性附录。 II
AQ/T 4251—20××
木材加工企业职业病危害防治技术规范
1 范围
本标准规定了木材加工企业职业病危害防治的技术措施、管理措施、个体防护和职业健康监护。 本标准适用于木材加工、制造、贮存所涉及的职业病危害因素的预防控制，涵盖了人造板、木制品、木塑复合材制造、竹材与木材的防腐、阻燃等改性处理加工、木材干燥等木材加工企业的职业病防治技术与管理工作。 2 规范性引用文件
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件，仅所注日期的版本适用于本文件。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
GB 6514 涂装作业安全规程 涂漆工艺安全及其通风净化 GB/T 11651 个人防护装备选用规范 GB 15603 常见化学危险品贮存通则 GB/T 16758 排风罩的分类及技术条件 GB 17916 毒害性商品储藏养护技术条件
GB 20101 涂装作业安全规程 有机废气净化装置安全技术规定 GB 50019 采暖通风与空气调节设计规范 GB 50033 建筑照明设计标准 GB 50034 建筑采光设计标准 GBZ 1 工业企业设计卫生标准
GBZ 2.1 工作场所有害因素职业接触限值 第1部分：化学有害因素 GBZ 2.2 工作场所有害因素职业接触限值 第2部分：物理因素 GBZ 158 工作场所职业病危害警示标识
GBZ 159 工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范 GBZ 188 职业健康监护技术规范
GBZ 203 高毒物品作业岗位职业病危害告知规范 GBZ/T 224 职业卫生名词术语 3 术语和定义
职业卫生名称术语GBZ/T 224适用于本标准，下列术语和定义适用于本标准。 3.1 木材干燥 wood drying
采用干燥介质蒸发木材中的水分，使其含水率达到预定要求的生产技术。 3.2 木塑复合 wood-plastic composite
将塑料和木质粉料按照一定的比例混合，在添加各类助剂后，通过热挤出、注塑、压制等方式而制成各类产品的生产技术。
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3.3 木材改性wood modification
提高木材各种使用功能而对木材性能进行改变的生产技术。产品包括：塑合木、浸渍木、胶压木、乙酰化木材、弯曲木、炭化木、压缩木、染色木等。 3.4 木材防腐 wood preservation
应用化学药剂处理木材，防止菌、虫、海生钻孔动物对木材的侵害和破坏，而延长使用年限的防护技术。
3.5 木材热处理 wood thermal modification
在缺氧的环境中，经180℃~240℃温度对木材进行热处理，而使其获得的尺寸稳定、耐腐等性能的生产技术。 4 基本要求
4.1 木材加工企业职业病危害防治工作应坚持预防为主、防治结合的工作方针。
4.2 木材加工、制造、贮存等工程建设项目应按照 “三同时”原则，职业病危害防护设施应与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时建成投入使用。
4.3 木材加工企业宜采用新工艺、新设备和新技术，提高机械化、自动化水平，减少生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素。对于产生粉尘、辐射、化学毒物的工艺、工段和设备，宜采取封闭的方式，将职业病危害因素控制在尽可能小的范围内。
4.4 不宜通过全密闭、机械化、自动化生产方式有效控制职业病危害因素的影响时，宜采用局部密闭通风除尘排毒技术措施，并采用送排风换气装置降低整体作业环境有害因素的影响。
4.5 接触职业病危害因素的作业岗位应对作业人员加强个体防护，配发相应有效的个体防护用品。
4.6 应在生产工段或岗位的醒目位置设置符合GBZ158要求的警示标识,符合GBZ 203要求的职业病危害告知。
4.7 木材加工企业应对木材加工、制造、贮存作业场所的环境进行定期检测，并应通过不断采取改进控制措施，使职业病危害因素的浓度和强度达到GBZ2.1、GBZ2.2规定的有害因素职业接触限值的要求。
5 厂区选址、厂区布置、厂房设计 5.1 厂区选址
工厂的选址应根据生产过程的卫生特征、环境要求、职业病危害因素的危害状况，结合建设地点现状与当地政府的整体规划，以及水文、地质、气象等因素，进行综合分析而确定。 5.2 厂区布置
5.2.1 在满足主体工程需要的前提下，宜将车间按有无危害、危害的类型及其危害浓度（强度）分开；在产生职业病危害因素的车间与其他车间及生活区之间宜设卫生防护绿化带。
5.2.2 易产生粉尘、化学毒物的生产区宜布置在厂区全年最小频率风向的上风侧；木材锯、铣、刨、磨等机加工工段中易散发粉尘的车间及施胶、涂饰、固化处理、木塑复合成型等易产生化学毒物的车间，宜布置在厂区全年最小频率风向的上风侧。
5.2.3 干燥窑、热改性处理罐（窑）等高温热源宜布置在车间外；不能布置在车间外的高温热源
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木材加工企业职业病危害防治技术规范
