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attention is the launch of a-year-long festival of French ar t and culture in Japan. A replica of Arch de Triomphe that usually stands in Pad s has been transported to Tokyo Bay for the festival. And Mr. Chirac will unveil it. The festival includes films, theatrical performance, dance and exhibitions, as well as promotions for French food and wine, both of which are very popular in Japan.
News Item 3(For Questions 14-15)
Officials of the World Food Program (WFP) say they are receiving informati on that famine has great part of central Afghanistan. WFP officials say as the w inter?s snow begins to melt and high mountain paths begin to clear, local leade r s and international aid workers are reporting some people are dying of starvatio n. Officials say a major disaster affecting hundreds of thousands of people may be in the making. The Taliban are blocking food deliveries to central Afghanista n. The UN has warned for several months that more than one million people are su ffering from blockade and 160,000 face starvation. An emergency air-lift of food to central Bombay province was cancelled earlier this year when the Taliban bom bed the local airport. WFP officials say the existing food stocks in that area a re exhausted and an emergency effort will be launched to bring wheat and potatoe s into the area.
SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING
Good morning. Today I?d like to discuss with you the secrets of good conv ersation, that is, how to talk to anyone, anytime, anywhere.
When someone tells you that you have to give a speech, your response may b e ”I?ve got to do what? But it?s important to remember that speeches are like an ything else in life there?s always a “first time”. People, even those who are wo nderful talkers in a conversational setting, are often terrified over the prospe ct of giving their first speech. Some are scared about it no matter how many spe eches they have given before. I suspect you may have the same experience, or hav e seen others in similar situations. I give speeches many times a year to groups of every possible description. My secret is simply that I think of public speak ing as no different from any other form of talk. It?s a way of sharing my thoug h t with other people. You know, in one sense, it?s actually easier than social c o nversation because you are in complete control of where the talk is going. At th e same time you have to have something to say, of course. This leads us to the f irst key of being a successful public speaker: Talk about something you know abo ut.
The second key to being a good speaker is to follow the motto of the Boy Sc outs-Be well prepared. Never go to a speech without some prior work on it. If yo u are talking about a subject you know well, as I?ve just advised, preparing th e speech itself should not be too difficult. If you let the audience know where y ou?re going at the beginning, they will follow you more easily through the body of your speech. At the end of your speech, try to summarize your most important points in slightly different words from the ones you used in your opening.
Here are some other key tips based on my own speaking experience and what I?ve noticed in
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other good speakers. Look at your audience. I?ve already said ho w important it is to make eye contact. First, be sure to look up from you text o r notes. Second, don?t talk to the wall in the back, or to the window or to the side. They are not your audience. Each time you look up from your text, look at a different part of the audience, so the whole group feels they?re being addres s ed. Note the pacing and inflection you want to use in speech. Some speakers, if they?re reading from a complete text, underline the words they want to emphasiz e . If you are using an outline or notes, highlight ideas or phrases you should st ress in your speech with different-colored pen or something. This accomplishes t wo things: It guarantees that your emphasis will be where you intended it to be, and it assures your audience that you won?t be speaking in a dull monotone tha t will put them to sleep, especially if you?re talking after a heavy meal. Stand up straight. I don? t mean that you have to assume a parade ground posture, but stand in a comfortable, natural way rather than hunching over the lectern. Hunch ing constricts your breathing, and it makes you look bad as well. If there?s a m icrophone in front of you, adjust it to the right height rather than forcing you rself to stoop during the speech. If you can, check this out before it?s your t u rn to speak. Talk normally into the microphone. If you speak at a high volume in to it, you will actually be harder to hear. And be careful to keep your mouth in the range of the mike; don?t wave around or turn away to answer a question fro m the side.
Last but not the least, a speaker has to keep in mind the value of brevity. It?s not easy to be brief, especially on a topic you know a lot about. But in a ny kind of communication, it?s always worth taking the time to boil your messag e down to its essentials. That emphasis on brevity applies even more when you are delivering a speech. The show business expression “know when to get off” come s into play again. And the best public speakers always know when. Some of the long est speeches ever inflicted on the American public have been the inaugural addre sses of their presidents. However one of the shortest inaugural addresses is als o one of the best remembered and most often quoted. It was delivered on January 20,1960 by John F. Kennedy. Kennedy spoke for less than 15 minutes. We can learn from these speakers, whose ability to talk effectively was central to their suc cess, as is the case with so many successful people in every profession. Brevity is the first thing we can learn from them. If people like Kennedy are willing t o keep it short to maximize their effectiveness as speakers, we should be smart enough to do the same thing.
To sum up, I?ve mentioned several key points in becoming a successful pub l ic speaker, such as good preparation, audience awareness, brevity, etc. I hope y ou find them very useful in making your speeches effective. Thank you.
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENTION
SECTION A TALK
1.答案：B
【问句译文】是谁起草了美国第一所私人图书馆的规章制度的？
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【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】由谈话可知，哈佛投资建成了美国的第一所私人图书馆，但是“The librarian there set rules for the new library.”故答案选B。
2.答案：D
【问句译文】最早的公共图书馆也被称为捐献图书馆，因为那里的图书如何？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】在介绍建于1731的第一所公共图书馆时，谈话者说“Although this library wa s open to every one, all readers had to pay a membership or subscription fee in order to borrow books.”由此可知，所有借书者必须交纳一定的会费，故答案选D。
3.答案：A
【问句译文】下列哪一项不是建立公共图书馆的目的？
【试题分析】本题为细节题，可用排除法解答。
【详细解答】这四个选项在录音中都提到了，但是“comfortable reading rooms”只是图书 馆提供的服务，不是建立的目的，故答案选A。
4.答案：A
【问句译文】现代私人图书馆和公共图书馆的主要区别是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“Unlike free pubic libraries, which open to everyon e, private libraries can be used only by authorized readers.”由此可知，私人图书 馆只供特定的读者阅读，而公共图书馆则面向所有的读者。故答案选A。
5.答案：C
【问句译文】该谈话的目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】这段录音是对美国的私人图书馆和公共图书馆作比较，介绍了不同类的图书馆的 功用。故答案选C。
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SECTION B INTERVIEW
6.答案：D
【问句译文】南茜为何成了出租车司机？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】采访者一开始就问南茜这个问题，她的回答是“…even when I was young for I have to wait until I have a car to learn to drive.”由此可知，当一名司机是南茜 儿时的梦想，故答案选D。
7.答案：B
【问句译文】根据她所说的，成为一名出租车司机最难的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】解答本题的关键句是“It was scary I didn?t know yet how to judge distan ce.”这就是她所说到的难事，故答案选B。
8.答案：B
【问句译文】就她的工作而言，南茜最喜欢的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】当采访者问到她工作的最大优点时，南茜说道“I like best about the job wa s being outdoors, seeing how this city changes from season to season. And there are places of scene I would probably never have seen in another job.”由此可知， 她非常喜欢车窗外的各种景色。故答案选B。
9.答案：C
【问句译文】由采访可以推知，南茜是一位什么样的母亲？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】当采访者说她的孩子们一定喜欢经常坐她的车时，南茜的回答是“So I?ve to p ay their fates one of these days, and take them out in my taxi, because I really think it is fun out into the country side on the long drive, with the fresh air and sun shining. You just seem to want to drive for ever. At least that is how it?s for me.”由此可知南茜是一位对孩子非常慈爱的母亲。故答案选C。
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10.答案：D
【问句译文】南茜遇到的都是什么人
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】南茜说她喜欢接触不同个性的人，如“Some people are interesting, some ru shed, some pleasant, some funny, some talkative, some so pressed for time that t hey change clothes in the taxi.”由此可知，她所遇到的人个性各不相同。故答案选D。
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
News Item 1
11.答案：D
【问句译文】美国制定禁烟法的主要目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为细节题。
【详细解答】本题可从克林顿的话中得出答案，“It was a fight with the lives of the A merican children,…”即制定禁烟法是为了保护儿童。故答案选D。
News Item 2
12.答案：C
【问句译文】法国总统访问日本的目的是什么？
【试题分析】本题为主旨题。
【详细解答】新闻首句说“The French President Jacques Chirac is to discuss the effo rts to stimulate the Japan?s economy during his visit to Japan which begins toda y.”因此答案选C。
13.答案：D
【问句译文】这是Jacques Chime第几次访问日本？
【试题分析】本题为推理题。
【详细解答】根据新闻中：“He?s visited the country 40 times before and this would be his second visit as President.”由此可知，他以前曾访问过40次，那么这次即是第4 1次。
注意点：要区别，以总统身份，这是他第二次访问日本。
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