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The shop stays round the clock. Impersonal It
it在句中可以作代词，代表刚提到的东西或一个彼此都知其所指的东西；此外它还可用来代表时间、天气、自然环境、距离等。it还有一个很重要的用法，那就是作先行词，代表句子的实际主语或宾语；它也可以用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。 5.作句子的形式主语 （1）代表不定式
It’s absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. It’s a great privilege to know you. (2)代表动名词
It’s no using crying over split milk.
It’s no good waiting for him this morning.He won’t come back until five in the afternoon. (3)代表that引导的从句
It is believed that he is one of the best piano players in the world. It is suggested that he (should) be sent to hospital immediately. （4）代表wh引导的从句
As long as he finishes his work,it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office.
It has not been decided yet whether or not I should go on with my study. 6.作句子的形式宾语
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（1）代表不定式
They found it difficult to get along with him. I feel it my duty to report this. (2)代表从句
I think it best that you (should) stay with me.
You may depend on it that these stones are really very valuable. 7.用来改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调 （1）强调主语
It was she who put forward that suggestion.
Was it you who wrote these words on the blackboard? (2)强调宾语
It is that painting that he sold at a good profit. It was the football match that they were talking about. (3)强调状语
It was through me that he had got the present job. It was on a cold Monday night that he was shot. More Ways of Emphasis
表示强调有很多种方式，在书面语中可以将要强调的成分用黑体或斜体表示出来，也可以用大写字母表示强调的成分。在口语中可以用重读来表示强调。除此之外，下面几种方法也常用来强调句子的某一部分。
8.将强调的表语、主语补语或宾语提前，把句子的其他成分放在其后。
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An utter fool I felt too.(表) Relaxation you call it!(主补) Excellent food they serve here.(宾) 这种强调方法多用于表示对比关系。
9.用so强调听者同意说者所言，这种用法只将so提到句首，其他成分位置不变。
—You’re spilled coffee on your dress. —So I have.
—It’s raining hard outside. —So it is.
10.用wh词引导的名词从句表示强调 We need more time. More time is what we need. What we need is more time. He’s spoilt the whole thing.
What he’s done is (to) spoil the whole thing. 11.用反身代词表示强调 John told me everything. John himself told me everything. John told me everything himself. The queen attended the meeting. The queen herself attended the meeting.
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The queen attended the meeting herself.
12.用感叹词和感叹句表示强调，Oh,Wow表示吃惊；Ah,Aha表示满意，肯定等；Ouch,Ow表示痛苦；Ooh表示高兴，舒适等。 Oh,what a beautiful present! Ah,that’s just what I wanted.
Aha,these slides are exactly what I was looking for. Wow,what a fantastic goal! Ouch,my foot!
Ooh,this cream cake’s delicious. 13.重复表示强调 It’s far, far too expensive.
I agree with every word you’ve said,every single word. 14.文字材料中用斜体表示强调 Is that the only thing?
“You say it couldn’t”said Beamish. Absolute Structure
独立结构一般用于正式语体，是描写性的文学语言。从形式上来说，独立结构可分成四类：不定式独立结构、现在分词独立结构、过去分词独立结构和无动词独立结构。
Four little girls followed the bride,two to hold her wedding gown,two to hold flowers.(不定式)
Dinner was Japanese,the family sitting on the floor in the traditional
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way.(现在分词)
Her eyes looked from my face down to my foot,with the chalk gripped between my toes.(过去分词)
A case in both hands,Mabel walked out of the house.(无动词) 15.独立结构的构成
（1）不定式独立结构：名词词组+不定式结构
The football star testified in court this morning that he had not taken any illegal drugs,the details to be reported this evening.
We have worked out a plan to make full use of our limited money,my husband’s salary to pay for our daughter’s education fees and mine to buy daily necessities.
(2)现在分词独立结构：（介词+）名词词组+现在分词结构
Here!Change into a glass bowl full of water with goldfish swimming in it. Without anyone noticing,I slipped through the window. (3)过去分词独立结构：（介词+）名词词组+过去分词结构 I wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
Mr. Fotheringay stood with a forefinger stretched out and the troubled face of one expecting a terrible crash.
(4)无动词独立结构：（介词+）名词词组+（介词词组）+（形容词词组或副词词组或名词词组）
The summer holidays over,we went back to work.
Two thousand people died in the earthquake,many of them children.16.独
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名师串讲自考英语（二）（珍藏版）
